response to cortisone

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cortisone stimulus. Cortisone is a natural glucocorticoid steroid hormone that is metabolically convertible to cortisol. Cortisone is synthesized from cholesterol in the cortex of the adrenal gland under the stimulation of adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH). The main physiological effect of cortisone is on carbohydrate metabolism; it can stimulate increased glucose release from the liver, increased liver glycogen synthesis, and decreased utilization of glucose by the tissues. [ISBN:0721662544, PMID:11276391]

Cortisone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, exerts its biological effects by binding to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a transcription factor. Upon binding, the GR undergoes a conformational change, dissociates from chaperone proteins, and translocates to the nucleus. In the nucleus, the GR dimerizes and binds to specific DNA sequences called glucocorticoid response elements (GREs). This binding initiates the transcription of target genes, leading to a complex cascade of biological responses.

Cortisone's primary role is to suppress inflammation by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-1. This suppression is achieved by inducing the expression of anti-inflammatory proteins, such as IL-10 and annexin 1.

Furthermore, cortisone can also influence the immune system by modulating the differentiation and activation of immune cells. It promotes the differentiation of T cells into regulatory T cells (Tregs), which suppress immune responses. It also inhibits the proliferation and activation of lymphocytes, leading to immunosuppression.

Cortisone's effects extend beyond the immune system. It can also affect metabolism by regulating glucose homeostasis, promoting protein synthesis, and inhibiting the breakdown of bone and muscle tissue.

The specific biological responses elicited by cortisone vary depending on the target tissue, the concentration of cortisone, and the duration of exposure. These responses are tightly regulated by a complex interplay of signaling pathways, transcription factors, and gene expression patterns. The precise mechanisms underlying cortisone's diverse effects continue to be investigated, highlighting the intricate nature of its biological actions.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (5)