Target type: biologicalprocess
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sphingoids, any of a class of compounds comprising sphinganine and its homologues and stereoisomers, and derivatives of these compounds. [ISBN:0198506732]
Sphingoid catabolic process is a complex metabolic pathway that involves the breakdown of sphingoid bases, which are long-chain amino alcohols that serve as precursors for the biosynthesis of sphingolipids. Sphingolipids are a class of lipids that play important roles in cell signaling, membrane structure, and cell recognition. The catabolic pathway of sphingolipids is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and preventing the accumulation of toxic sphingolipid intermediates.
The sphingoid catabolic process begins with the breakdown of sphingolipids into ceramide, a key intermediate in sphingolipid metabolism. Ceramide can then be further degraded through two major pathways: the sphingomyelinase pathway and the ceramidase pathway.
In the sphingomyelinase pathway, ceramide is hydrolyzed by sphingomyelinase to produce sphingosine and phosphocholine. Sphingosine is a bioactive lipid that can be further metabolized by sphingosine kinases to produce sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). S1P is a potent signaling molecule that regulates various cellular processes, including cell growth, survival, and migration.
In the ceramidase pathway, ceramide is hydrolyzed by ceramidase to produce sphingosine and fatty acid. Sphingosine can then be further metabolized by sphingosine kinases to produce S1P, as described above.
The breakdown of sphingoid bases is regulated by a variety of factors, including the availability of substrates, the activity of enzymes, and the expression of genes involved in the catabolic pathway. The catabolic pathway is tightly regulated to ensure that the appropriate levels of sphingoid bases are maintained in the cell.
Disruptions in the sphingoid catabolic process can lead to a variety of diseases, including Niemann-Pick disease, Fabry disease, and Gaucher disease. These diseases are characterized by the accumulation of sphingolipid intermediates in the lysosomes, leading to cellular dysfunction and tissue damage.
In summary, the sphingoid catabolic process is a complex and essential metabolic pathway that involves the breakdown of sphingoid bases into simpler molecules. This pathway is tightly regulated to maintain cellular homeostasis and prevent the accumulation of toxic sphingolipid intermediates. Disruptions in this pathway can lead to a variety of diseases, highlighting the importance of this pathway in maintaining cellular health.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Sphingosine kinase 1 | A sphingosine kinase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9NYA1] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| fingolimod hydrochloride | fingolimod hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl) ethyl]-1,3-propanediol (fingolimod). Fingolimod Hydrochloride: A sphingosine-derivative and IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT that blocks the migration and homing of LYMPHOCYTES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM through its action on SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS. | hydrochloride | immunosuppressive agent; prodrug; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist |
| 4-(4-(4-chloro-phenyl)thiazol-2-ylamino)phenol | substituted aniline | ||
| safingol | safingol: RN given refers to the (R-(R*,S*))-isomer | amino alcohol | |
| sphingosine | 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4. sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds. | sphing-4-enine | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| n,n-dimethylsphingenine | N,N-dimethylsphingosine : A sphingoid that is sphingosine in which the two amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups. N,N-dimethylsphingosine: a sphingosine kinase inhibitor | aminodiol; sphingoid; tertiary amino compound | EC 2.7.1.91 (sphingosine kinase) inhibitor; metabolite |
| es-285 | 1-deoxysphinganine : A bioactive sphingoid, sphinganine, in which the terminal hydroxy group has been replaced by a hydrogen. spisulosine: from marine organism, Spisula polynyma; structure in first source | amino alcohol; sphingoid | antineoplastic agent |
| 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-adamantane-1-carboxylic acid (pyridin-4-ylmethyl)amide | organochlorine compound | ||
| bml 258 | |||
| pf-543 | PF-543: Sphingosine Kinase 1 Selective Inhibitor; structure in first source | sulfonamide | |
| rome | (2R)-2-amino-2-(methoxymethyl)-4-(4-octylphenyl)butan-1-ol : A 2-amino-2-(methoxymethyl)-4-(4-octylphenyl)butan-1-ol that has R-configuration. It is a sphingosine kinase-2 inhibitor. Rome: The capital city of Italy. | 2-amino-2-(methoxymethyl)-4-(4-octylphenyl)butan-1-ol | EC 2.7.1.91 (sphingosine kinase) inhibitor |