formaldehyde biosynthetic process

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of formaldehyde (methanal, H2C=O), the simplest aldehyde. [GOC:ai]

Formaldehyde biosynthesis is a crucial process in cellular metabolism, primarily occurring in the mitochondria. It is a multi-step pathway that involves the oxidation of methanol, catalyzed by the enzyme methanol dehydrogenase. This enzyme utilizes NAD+ as a cofactor to convert methanol to formaldehyde, generating NADH as a byproduct. The reaction proceeds through a two-step process: first, methanol is oxidized to formaldehyde, and then the formaldehyde is further oxidized to formate. The enzyme tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (THF reductase) utilizes the coenzyme tetrahydrofolate (THF) to catalyze the reduction of dihydrofolate (DHF) to THF, which is necessary for the continuation of the formaldehyde biosynthesis pathway. These enzymes work in concert to ensure the efficient and regulated production of formaldehyde, which is essential for various cellular processes, including the synthesis of amino acids, purines, and pyrimidines. However, formaldehyde is a highly reactive molecule, capable of damaging proteins and nucleic acids. To mitigate this, the enzyme formaldehyde dehydrogenase rapidly converts formaldehyde into formate, a less reactive molecule. This conversion is crucial for maintaining cellular integrity and preventing formaldehyde toxicity.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (5)