Target type: biologicalprocess
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate. [GOC:go_curators]
ADP metabolic process is a fundamental biological process that involves the interconversion of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and its related compounds, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and inorganic phosphate (Pi). This process is essential for energy production, cellular signaling, and various other metabolic activities. ADP is a key intermediate in energy metabolism, acting as a carrier of energy within cells. It is formed during the breakdown of glucose and other fuels through glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, releasing energy in the form of ATP. Conversely, ADP is also used to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation, the primary source of energy in most organisms.
ADP metabolic process involves several key enzymatic reactions:
1. **ADP Kinase:** This enzyme catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP, utilizing energy from other metabolic reactions.
2. **Adenylate Kinase:** This enzyme interconverts ADP and ATP to AMP and ATP, playing a crucial role in maintaining the cellular ATP/ADP ratio.
3. **ATP Synthase:** This enzyme uses the proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane to synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi, providing the primary energy source for cellular processes.
4. **Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase:** This enzyme catalyzes the reversible phosphorylation of ADP to GDP, playing a role in nucleotide metabolism.
The regulation of ADP metabolic process is complex and involves a variety of factors, including the availability of substrates, the activity of enzymes, and cellular energy demand. Dysregulation of ADP metabolism can lead to various diseases, including metabolic disorders, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases.
In summary, ADP metabolic process is a vital biological process that involves the interconversion of ADP and its related compounds, playing a central role in energy production, cellular signaling, and maintaining cellular homeostasis.'
"
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Bcl2-associated agonist of cell death | A Bcl2-associated agonist of cell death that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:Q92934] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| gossypol | Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer. | ||
| sanguinarine | benzophenanthridine alkaloid : A specific group of isoquinoline alkaloids that occur only in higher plants and are constituents mainly of the Papaveraceae family. | alkaloid antibiotic; benzophenanthridine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent | |
| epigallocatechin gallate | (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin. epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis) | flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthol | 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthol : 1-naphthol hydrogenated at C-5, -6, -7 and -8. | tetralins | |
| chelerythrine chloride | |||
| abt-737 | aromatic amine; aryl sulfide; biphenyls; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-arylpiperazine; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor | |
| navitoclax | aryl sulfide; monochlorobenzenes; morpholines; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; organofluorine compound; piperazines; secondary amino compound; sulfone; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor | |
| abt-199 | venetoclax : A member of the class of pyrrolopyridines that is a potent inhibitor of the antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2. It is used for treamtment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with 17p deletion. venetoclax: A BCL-2 inhibitor with antineoplastic activity that is used in the treatment of CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA associated with chromosome 17p deletion; structure in first source. | aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; oxanes; pyrrolopyridine | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor |