negative regulation of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate. [GOC:go_curators]

Negative regulation of single-stranded viral RNA replication via double-stranded DNA intermediate is a complex process involving multiple steps and molecular players. It is a defense mechanism employed by host cells against viral infections, particularly those with RNA genomes. Here is a detailed breakdown of the process:

1. **Viral RNA entry and replication:** The viral RNA enters the host cell and begins to replicate, producing new viral RNA copies.
2. **Reverse transcription:** A key enzyme called reverse transcriptase, often encoded by the virus itself, converts the single-stranded viral RNA into a complementary DNA (cDNA) strand.
3. **Double-stranded DNA formation:** The cDNA strand then serves as a template for the synthesis of a second, complementary DNA strand, resulting in a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) molecule.
4. **Integration into host genome (optional):** In some cases, the dsDNA can integrate into the host cell's genome, becoming a provirus. This allows for persistent infection and the production of new viral particles.
5. **Transcription of viral mRNA:** The integrated proviral DNA, or the dsDNA itself, can be transcribed by host cell RNA polymerase to produce viral messenger RNA (mRNA). This mRNA then directs the synthesis of viral proteins.
6. **Production of new viral particles:** The viral proteins and newly synthesized viral RNA assemble into new viral particles, which can then go on to infect other cells.

**Negative regulation:** The host cell has evolved mechanisms to inhibit this viral replication cycle at various stages. Here's how negative regulation via a dsDNA intermediate works:

* **Interference with reverse transcription:** Host cells can produce proteins that bind to and inhibit reverse transcriptase, preventing the conversion of viral RNA into cDNA.
* **Degradation of viral RNA and dsDNA:** Host cells can employ enzymes such as RNases and DNases to degrade viral RNA and the dsDNA intermediates, preventing the formation of proviruses and the production of new viral particles.
* **Inhibition of viral protein synthesis:** Host cells can produce proteins that interfere with the translation of viral mRNA, preventing the production of viral proteins.

**Overall, the negative regulation of single-stranded viral RNA replication via a double-stranded DNA intermediate involves a multifaceted defense strategy by the host cell, targeting different stages of the viral replication cycle.**'
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Proteins (2)

Compounds (35)