Page last updated: 2024-10-24

regulation of epidermis development

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development. [GOC:go_curators]

Epidermis development is a complex and tightly regulated process, involving a cascade of signaling pathways, transcription factors, and cell-cell interactions. It begins with the formation of the ectoderm, the outermost germ layer of the embryo, which is specified by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The ectoderm then differentiates into the epidermis and the neural tube, with the epidermis further subdividing into different layers, including the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum (in thick skin), and stratum corneum.

The regulation of epidermis development is controlled by a complex interplay of signaling pathways, including the Wnt, Shh, BMP, and FGF pathways. These pathways are activated by specific signaling molecules that bind to receptors on the cell surface, triggering a cascade of intracellular events that ultimately lead to the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis.

For example, the Wnt pathway is involved in the maintenance of the epidermal stem cell pool, which is located in the stratum basale. Wnt signaling promotes the proliferation and self-renewal of these stem cells, ensuring a constant supply of new keratinocytes. The Shh pathway, on the other hand, is involved in the patterning of the epidermis, helping to define the different layers and structures within this tissue.

The BMP pathway plays a key role in the differentiation of keratinocytes, the main cell type in the epidermis. BMP signaling promotes the expression of genes involved in keratinocyte differentiation, such as involucrin, keratin 1 and 10, and filaggrin. These proteins are essential for the formation of the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the epidermis, which provides a protective barrier against the environment.

The FGF pathway is involved in the regulation of epidermal growth and repair. FGF signaling promotes keratinocyte proliferation and migration, which are essential for wound healing and epidermal regeneration.

In addition to signaling pathways, transcription factors also play a crucial role in the regulation of epidermis development. These factors bind to specific DNA sequences, regulating the expression of genes involved in epidermal differentiation, proliferation, and morphogenesis. For example, the transcription factor p63 is essential for epidermal development and is involved in the regulation of keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation.

Furthermore, cell-cell interactions are also important for the regulation of epidermis development. For instance, keratinocytes communicate with each other via gap junctions, which allow the exchange of small molecules and ions. This communication is essential for coordinating the behavior of keratinocytes and ensuring the proper development of the epidermis.

The epidermis is constantly renewed throughout life, with new keratinocytes being generated from the stratum basale and migrating upwards through the different layers of the epidermis. As they migrate, keratinocytes undergo a process of differentiation, eventually becoming cornified cells that are filled with keratin, a tough protein. These cornified cells form the stratum corneum, which provides a protective barrier against the environment.

The regulation of epidermis development is a complex and dynamic process that involves the intricate interplay of multiple signaling pathways, transcription factors, and cell-cell interactions. Disruptions in this process can lead to various skin diseases, including psoriasis, eczema, and skin cancer.'
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Proteins (1)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Nucleoside diphosphate kinase BA nucleoside diphosphate kinase B that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DAN, UniProtKB:P22392]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (17)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
thymidine 5'-diphosphatedTDP : A thymidine phosphate having a diphosphate group at the 5'-position.

thymidine 5'-diphosphate: see also record for thymidine 3',5'-diphosphate, RN 2863-04-9
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate;
thymidine phosphate
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
alvocidibalvocidib : A synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position (the (-)-3S,4R stereoisomer). A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation.

alvocidib: structure given in first source
dihydroxyflavone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
tertiary amino compound
antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
saracatinibaromatic ether;
benzodioxoles;
diether;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
oxanes;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
radiosensitizing agent
vx 702VX 702: a p38 MAP kinase inhibitorphenylpyridine
chir-265aromatic ether
pf-562,271indoles
buparlisibNVP-BKM120: a pan class I PI3 kinase inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; structure in first sourceaminopyridine;
aminopyrimidine;
morpholines;
organofluorine compound
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
pha 848125N,1,4,4-tetramethyl-8-((4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl)amino)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo(4,3-h)quinazoline-3-carboxamide: a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor
gdc 0941pictrelisib : A sulfonamide composed of indazole, morpholine, and methylsulfonyl-substituted piperazine rings bound to a thienopyrimidine ring.indazoles;
morpholines;
piperazines;
sulfonamide;
thienopyrimidine
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
cudc 1017-(4-(3-ethynylphenylamino)-7-methoxyquinazolin-6-yloxy)-N-hydroxyheptanamide: a histone deacetylase inhibitor; structure in first source
mln 8237MLN 8237: an aurora kinase A inhibitorbenzazepine
pci 32765ibrutinib : A member of the class of acrylamides that is (3R)-3-[4-amino-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-yl]piperidine in which the piperidine nitrogen is replaced by an acryloyl group. A selective and covalent inhibitor of the enzyme Bruton's tyrosine kinase, it is used for treatment of B-cell malignancies.

ibrutinib: a Btk protein inhibitor
acrylamides;
aromatic amine;
aromatic ether;
N-acylpiperidine;
pyrazolopyrimidine;
tertiary carboxamide
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
tak 733
entrectinibentrectinib : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole substituted by [4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylamino)benzoyl]amino and 3,5-difluorobenzyl groups at positions 3 and 5, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of TRKA, TRKB, TRKC, ROS1, and ALK (IC50 values of 0.1 to 1.7 nM), and used for the treatment of NTRK, ROS1 and ALK gene fusion-positive solid tumours.

entrectinib: inhibits TRK, ROS1, and ALK receptor tyrosine kinases; structure in first source
benzamides;
difluorobenzene;
indazoles;
N-methylpiperazine;
oxanes;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
gsk 2126458omipalisib : A member of the class of quinolines that is quinoline which is substituted by pyridazin-4-yl and 5-[(2,4-difluorobenzene-1-sulfonyl)amino]-6-methoxypyridin-3-yl groups at positions 4 and 6, respectively. It is a highly potent inhibitor of PI3K and mTOR developed by GlaxoSmithKline and was previously in human phase 1 clinical trials for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and solid tumors.

omipalisib: inhibitor of mTOR protein
aromatic ether;
difluorobenzene;
pyridazines;
pyridines;
quinolines;
sulfonamide
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inducer;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
mTOR inhibitor;
radiosensitizing agent
gsk 1363089GSK 1363089: a multikinase inhibitor that acts on Met, RON, Axl, and VEGFR; structure in first sourcearomatic ether
osimertinibosimertinib : A member of the class of aminopyrimidines that is 4-(1-methylindol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2-methoxy-4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl](methyl)amino-5-acrylamidophenyl group. Used (as the mesylate salt) for treatment of EGFR T790M mutation positive non-small cell lung cancer.

osimertinib: an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor
acrylamides;
aminopyrimidine;
biaryl;
indoles;
monomethoxybenzene;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound
antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist