regulation of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate. [GOC:go_curators]

The regulation of single-stranded viral RNA replication via a double-stranded DNA intermediate is a fascinating and complex process that involves a series of coordinated steps. This mechanism is employed by certain viruses, including retroviruses, to integrate themselves into the host genome and establish persistent infections. Here's a detailed breakdown of the process:

1. **Viral Entry and Reverse Transcription:** The viral RNA genome enters the host cell, and a key viral enzyme, reverse transcriptase, transcribes the RNA into a single-stranded DNA copy. This DNA molecule is then converted into a double-stranded DNA molecule by the same enzyme.

2. **Integration into Host Genome:** The double-stranded DNA copy of the viral genome is then integrated into the host cell's DNA, a critical step in establishing a persistent infection. This integration is facilitated by another viral enzyme, integrase.

3. **Transcription and Translation:** Once integrated into the host genome, the viral DNA becomes part of the cell's genetic material. It is then transcribed into viral messenger RNA (mRNA) by the host cell's machinery. This mRNA is then translated into viral proteins, including structural proteins that make up the virus particles, and enzymes necessary for further replication.

4. **RNA Replication:** The viral RNA genome is replicated using the host cell's machinery and the viral proteins. The process begins with the production of a complementary RNA strand to the viral RNA template. This complementary strand is then used as a template to produce more viral RNA genomes, effectively amplifying the viral RNA.

5. **Assembly and Budding:** The newly synthesized viral RNA genomes and proteins assemble into new virus particles. These particles then bud from the host cell membrane, acquiring their envelope, and spreading to infect other cells.

This complex interplay between the viral genome and the host cell's machinery allows the virus to effectively hijack the host cell's resources to produce new viral particles and perpetuate the infection. The integration of the viral DNA into the host genome makes it very difficult for the host's immune system to completely eliminate the infection, contributing to the persistence of the virus.'
"

Proteins (1)

Compounds (7)