Target type: biologicalprocess
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]
The catecholamine biosynthetic process is a complex metabolic pathway that produces the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and epinephrine (adrenaline). These catecholamines play crucial roles in regulating various physiological functions, including mood, attention, sleep, appetite, and stress response. The process begins with the amino acid tyrosine, which is converted into L-DOPA (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) by the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase. L-DOPA is then decarboxylated by aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (DOPA decarboxylase) to form dopamine. Dopamine can be further metabolized by dopamine β-hydroxylase to produce norepinephrine, which in turn can be converted into epinephrine by phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase. These steps occur in specific cells within the adrenal medulla, sympathetic neurons, and certain regions of the brain. The biosynthesis of catecholamines is tightly regulated by various factors, including enzyme activity, substrate availability, and feedback mechanisms. The synthesis of these neurotransmitters is essential for maintaining normal physiological function, and disruptions in this process can lead to various diseases and disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, depression, and anxiety.'
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Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
---|---|---|
Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase | A phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P11086] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase | A phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P11086] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
---|---|---|---|
2,3-dichloro-alpha-methylbenzylamine | 2,3-dichloro-alpha-methylbenzylamine: inhibitor of phenethanolamine N-methyltransferase; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure | ||
2-cyclooctyl-2-hydroxyethylamine | 2-cyclooctyl-2-hydroxyethylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd | ||
p-chloroamphetamine | p-Chloroamphetamine: Chlorinated analog of AMPHETAMINE. Potent neurotoxin that causes release and eventually depletion of serotonin in the CNS. It is used as a research tool. | ||
sk&f 29661 | 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-7-sulfonamide: structure | ||
1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline | 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline: RN given refers to cpd with locants as specified | isoquinolines | |
1-phenethylamine | 1-phenethylamine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation 1-phenylethylamine : A phenylethylamine that is ethylamine substituted by a phenyl group at position 1. | phenylethylamine | human metabolite |
exp561 | EXP561: inhibitor of 5-HT uptake; RN given refers to parent cpd | ||
s-adenosylmethionine | acylcarnitine: structure in first source S-adenosyl-L-methioninate : A sulfonium betaine that is a conjugate base of S-adenosyl-L-methionine obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group. | sulfonium betaine | human metabolite |
1-phenethylamine, (s)-isomer | (1S)-1-phenylethanamine : The (S)-enantiomer of 1-phenylethanamine. | 1-phenylethylamine | |
2-aminobenzonorbornene | 2-aminobenzonorbornene: RN given refers to (endo, 1alpha,2beta,4alpha)-isomer | ||
ly 134046 | LY 134046: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source | ||
7,8-dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline | 7,8-dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline : A 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline hacing chloro substituents at the 7- and 8-positions. 7,8-dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline: potent reversible inhibitor of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase; structure | isoquinolines; organochlorine compound | |
s-adenosylhomocysteine | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine : An organic sulfide that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-homocysteine. S-Adenosylhomocysteine: 5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions. | adenosines; amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine derivative; homocysteines; organic sulfide | cofactor; EC 2.1.1.72 [site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific)] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.79 (cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase) inhibitor; epitope; fundamental metabolite |
1-phenethylamine, (r)-isomer | (1R)-1-phenylethanamine : The (R)-enantiomer of 1-phenylethanamine. | 1-phenylethylamine | |
3-trifluoromethyl-7-bromo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline | 3-trifluoromethyl-7-bromo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline: structure in first source | ||
f21 |