catecholamine biosynthetic process

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]

The catecholamine biosynthetic process is a complex metabolic pathway that produces the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and epinephrine (adrenaline). These catecholamines play crucial roles in regulating various physiological functions, including mood, attention, sleep, appetite, and stress response. The process begins with the amino acid tyrosine, which is converted into L-DOPA (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) by the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase. L-DOPA is then decarboxylated by aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (DOPA decarboxylase) to form dopamine. Dopamine can be further metabolized by dopamine β-hydroxylase to produce norepinephrine, which in turn can be converted into epinephrine by phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase. These steps occur in specific cells within the adrenal medulla, sympathetic neurons, and certain regions of the brain. The biosynthesis of catecholamines is tightly regulated by various factors, including enzyme activity, substrate availability, and feedback mechanisms. The synthesis of these neurotransmitters is essential for maintaining normal physiological function, and disruptions in this process can lead to various diseases and disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, depression, and anxiety.'
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Proteins (2)

Compounds (16)