peptidyl-aspartic acid hydroxylation
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
The hydroxylation of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-hydroxyaspartic acid. [GOC:mah]
Peptidyl-aspartic acid hydroxylation is a post-translational modification that involves the enzymatic addition of a hydroxyl group to the β-carbon of an aspartic acid residue within a polypeptide chain. This process is catalyzed by specific enzymes known as peptidyl-aspartate hydroxylases.
The reaction mechanism typically involves the following steps:
1. **Substrate Binding:** The peptidyl-aspartate hydroxylase enzyme binds to the peptide substrate, recognizing the aspartic acid residue to be hydroxylated.
2. **Oxygen Activation:** The enzyme utilizes molecular oxygen (O2) to activate the hydroxyl group that will be added to the aspartic acid.
3. **Hydroxylation:** The activated hydroxyl group is transferred from the enzyme to the β-carbon of the aspartic acid residue, forming a β-hydroxyaspartic acid.
4. **Product Release:** The hydroxylated peptide product is released from the enzyme, allowing for further processing or biological activity.
Peptidyl-aspartic acid hydroxylation plays a crucial role in a variety of biological processes, including:
* **Protein Folding and Stability:** Hydroxylation can influence the conformation and stability of proteins by introducing a new polar hydroxyl group, altering interactions with other amino acids.
* **Signal Transduction:** Hydroxylated aspartic acid residues can serve as recognition sites for specific proteins or enzymes, mediating signal transduction pathways.
* **Enzyme Activity:** Hydroxylation can modulate the activity of enzymes by altering their substrate specificity or catalytic efficiency.
* **Cellular Differentiation:** Hydroxylation can be involved in the differentiation of cells by regulating the expression or activity of specific proteins.
The importance of peptidyl-aspartic acid hydroxylation is evident in the association of defects in this process with various human diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders and cardiovascular diseases.
In summary, peptidyl-aspartic acid hydroxylation is a critical post-translational modification that can significantly impact the structure, function, and activity of proteins, playing a key role in diverse biological processes.'
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Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Aspartyl/asparaginyl beta-hydroxylase | An aspartyl/asparaginyl beta-hydroxylase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q12797] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (10)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| gossypol | Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer. | ||
| 2,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid | lutidinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid carrying carboxy groups at positions 2 and 4. | pyridinedicarboxylic acid | |
| bleomycin | bleomycin | antineoplastic agent; metabolite | |
| tubacin | tubacin: inhibits histone deacetylase 6; structure in first source | 1,3-oxazoles | |
| belinostat | hydroxamic acid; olefinic compound; sulfonamide | antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor | |
| midostaurin | midostaurin : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is the N-benzoyl derivative of staurosporine. | benzamides; gamma-lactam; indolocarbazole; organic heterooctacyclic compound | antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor |
| abt-737 | aromatic amine; aryl sulfide; biphenyls; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-arylpiperazine; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor | |
| navitoclax | aryl sulfide; monochlorobenzenes; morpholines; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; organofluorine compound; piperazines; secondary amino compound; sulfone; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor | |
| plx4032 | aromatic ketone; difluorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; pyrrolopyridine; sulfonamide | antineoplastic agent; B-Raf inhibitor | |
| abt-199 | venetoclax : A member of the class of pyrrolopyridines that is a potent inhibitor of the antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2. It is used for treamtment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with 17p deletion. venetoclax: A BCL-2 inhibitor with antineoplastic activity that is used in the treatment of CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA associated with chromosome 17p deletion; structure in first source. | aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; oxanes; pyrrolopyridine | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor |