peptidyl-aspartic acid hydroxylation

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The hydroxylation of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-hydroxyaspartic acid. [GOC:mah]

Peptidyl-aspartic acid hydroxylation is a post-translational modification that involves the enzymatic addition of a hydroxyl group to the β-carbon of an aspartic acid residue within a polypeptide chain. This process is catalyzed by specific enzymes known as peptidyl-aspartate hydroxylases.

The reaction mechanism typically involves the following steps:

1. **Substrate Binding:** The peptidyl-aspartate hydroxylase enzyme binds to the peptide substrate, recognizing the aspartic acid residue to be hydroxylated.

2. **Oxygen Activation:** The enzyme utilizes molecular oxygen (O2) to activate the hydroxyl group that will be added to the aspartic acid.

3. **Hydroxylation:** The activated hydroxyl group is transferred from the enzyme to the β-carbon of the aspartic acid residue, forming a β-hydroxyaspartic acid.

4. **Product Release:** The hydroxylated peptide product is released from the enzyme, allowing for further processing or biological activity.

Peptidyl-aspartic acid hydroxylation plays a crucial role in a variety of biological processes, including:

* **Protein Folding and Stability:** Hydroxylation can influence the conformation and stability of proteins by introducing a new polar hydroxyl group, altering interactions with other amino acids.

* **Signal Transduction:** Hydroxylated aspartic acid residues can serve as recognition sites for specific proteins or enzymes, mediating signal transduction pathways.

* **Enzyme Activity:** Hydroxylation can modulate the activity of enzymes by altering their substrate specificity or catalytic efficiency.

* **Cellular Differentiation:** Hydroxylation can be involved in the differentiation of cells by regulating the expression or activity of specific proteins.

The importance of peptidyl-aspartic acid hydroxylation is evident in the association of defects in this process with various human diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders and cardiovascular diseases.

In summary, peptidyl-aspartic acid hydroxylation is a critical post-translational modification that can significantly impact the structure, function, and activity of proteins, playing a key role in diverse biological processes.'
"

Proteins (1)

Compounds (10)