Target type: biologicalprocess
Any process that stops or reduces the rate of an ATP-dependent activity. [GOC:mah]
Negative regulation of ATP-dependent activity refers to the processes that decrease or inhibit the activity of enzymes or other molecules that utilize ATP as an energy source. ATP, adenosine triphosphate, is a key energy carrier in biological systems, and its hydrolysis provides energy for a vast array of cellular processes. Regulation of ATP-dependent activities is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis, energy balance, and proper functioning.
Here's a detailed explanation of the biological processes involved:
**1. Enzyme Inhibition:**
- **Competitive Inhibition:** A molecule structurally similar to ATP competes for the active site of the ATP-dependent enzyme, preventing ATP binding.
- **Non-competitive Inhibition:** An inhibitor binds to a site other than the active site, altering the enzyme's conformation and reducing its activity.
- **Allosteric Inhibition:** An inhibitor binds to a regulatory site on the enzyme, causing a conformational change that reduces ATP binding or catalytic activity.
**2. Protein Phosphorylation/Dephosphorylation:**
- **Phosphorylation:** Addition of a phosphate group to an enzyme can either activate or inhibit its ATP-dependent activity, depending on the specific enzyme. Kinases are enzymes that catalyze phosphorylation.
- **Dephosphorylation:** Removal of a phosphate group by phosphatases can reverse the effects of phosphorylation.
**3. Protein Degradation:**
- ATP-dependent proteases degrade proteins, including those involved in ATP-dependent processes. This can effectively reduce the activity of these proteins.
**4. Feedback Inhibition:**
- Products of ATP-dependent reactions can act as inhibitors of the enzymes that produce them. This negative feedback loop helps regulate ATP utilization and prevents wasteful overproduction.
**5. Transcriptional Regulation:**
- Genes encoding ATP-dependent enzymes can be regulated at the transcriptional level. Factors that inhibit gene expression lead to reduced production of the corresponding enzyme.
**6. MicroRNA Regulation:**
- MicroRNAs can target mRNAs encoding ATP-dependent proteins, leading to their degradation or translational repression.
**7. Cellular Signaling Pathways:**
- Various cellular signaling pathways can regulate ATP-dependent activity. For example, hormonal signals can activate or inhibit specific pathways that control ATP-dependent processes.
**8. Cellular Environment:**
- Factors like pH, temperature, and the availability of substrates and cofactors can influence the activity of ATP-dependent enzymes.
**9. Compartmentalization:**
- The localization of ATP-dependent enzymes within specific cellular compartments can regulate their activity and accessibility to substrates.
**In summary, negative regulation of ATP-dependent activity is a complex and multifaceted process that involves multiple mechanisms, all working to ensure efficient and controlled utilization of ATP, maintaining energy balance and supporting cellular function.**'
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Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
---|---|---|
Ubiquitin-like domain-containing CTD phosphatase 1 | A ubiquitin-like domain-containing CTD phosphatase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q8WVY7] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial | A peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P30405] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
---|---|---|---|
salicylic acid | Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL). | monohydroxybenzoic acid | algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite |
(melle-4)cyclosporin | (melle-4)cyclosporin: a non-immunosuppressive analog of cyclosporin A | ||
scy-635 | |||
alisporivir | alisporivir: nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin analog; structure/sequence in first source | homodetic cyclic peptide | anticoronaviral agent |