Target type: biologicalprocess
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructosamine, a fructose molecule containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0192801023]
Fructosamine catabolism is a complex process that involves the breakdown of fructosamine, a glycated protein, into its constituent parts: glucose and an amino acid. This process is crucial for maintaining normal glucose homeostasis and preventing the accumulation of fructosamine, which can contribute to diabetic complications.
The first step in fructosamine catabolism is the enzymatic reduction of fructosamine to fructose by fructosamine reductase. This enzyme is found in various tissues, including liver, kidney, and erythrocytes. Fructose is then metabolized through the glycolytic pathway, eventually generating pyruvate and ATP.
The amino acid component of fructosamine is released during the reduction step and can be reused for protein synthesis or other metabolic processes.
Fructosamine catabolism is regulated by a number of factors, including insulin, glucose levels, and the activity of fructosamine reductase. Elevated glucose levels stimulate the production of fructosamine, which in turn leads to increased fructosamine catabolism. Insulin has a complex effect on fructosamine catabolism, stimulating it in some tissues while inhibiting it in others.
The efficiency of fructosamine catabolism can be affected by various factors, including age, nutritional status, and the presence of certain diseases. For example, individuals with diabetes may have impaired fructosamine catabolism due to elevated blood glucose levels.
In conclusion, fructosamine catabolism is a crucial metabolic process that ensures the breakdown of fructosamine and the maintenance of normal glucose homeostasis. It is regulated by a complex interplay of factors, including insulin, glucose levels, and the activity of fructosamine reductase. Dysregulation of fructosamine catabolism can contribute to diabetic complications, highlighting the importance of maintaining proper glucose control.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Retinal dehydrogenase 1 | An aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P00352] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| disulfiram | organic disulfide; organosulfur acaricide | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; fungicide; NF-kappaB inhibitor | |
| perphenazine | perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10. Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE. | N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| thiram | thiram : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. It is widely used as a fungicidal seed treatment. Thiram: A dithiocarbamate chemical, used commercially in the rubber processing industry and as a fungicide. In vivo studies indicate that it inactivates the enzyme GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE. It has mutagenic activity and may induce chromosomal aberrations. | organic disulfide | antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug |
| cystamine dihydrochloride | |||
| uvitex swn | Uvitex SWN: optical brightner from Ciba; structure | 7-aminocoumarins | fluorochrome |
| bis(1-piperidylthiocarbonyl)disulfide | bis(1-piperidylthiocarbonyl)disulfide: indicator for analysis of copper; structure | ||
| win 18446 | WIN 18446 : A carboxamide that is 1,8-diaminooctane in which a hydrogen attached to each of the amino groups has been replaced by a dichloroacetyl group. Inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1a2 (ALDH1a2). Inhibits the biosynthesis of retinoic acid from retinol in neonatal and adult murine testis. It down-regulates sex related genes in zebrafish. | organochlorine compound; secondary carboxamide | EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor |
| 4-(diethylamino)benzaldehyde | 4-(diethylamino)benzaldehyde : A member of the class of benzaldehydes carrying a diethylamino substituent at position 4. | aromatic amine; benzaldehydes; tertiary amino compound | EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor |
| daidzin | daidzein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is daidzein attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It is used in the treatment of alcohol dependency (antidipsotropic). daidzin: a potent, selective, and reversible inhibitor of human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase | 7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside; hydroxyisoflavone; monosaccharide derivative | plant metabolite |
| 7-butyl-8-[[4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-1,3-dimethylpurine-2,6-dione | piperazines | ||
| 2-acetylfuranonaphthoquinone | 2-acetylfuranonaphthoquinone: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source | ||
| nct-501 | NCT-501: inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1; structure in first source |