branchiomotor neuron axon guidance

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, PMID:14699587]

Branchiomotor neuron axon guidance is a complex and intricate process that ensures these neurons, which control muscles involved in breathing and swallowing, reach their correct targets. It involves a series of steps orchestrated by molecular cues, including:

1. **Axon Initiation and Extension:** Branchiomotor neurons begin by extending their axons from the brainstem, navigating through a complex environment within the developing embryo.

2. **Guidance Cues:** As the axons grow, they are guided by specific molecular cues. These cues include:
- **Netrins:** These proteins act as attractants, guiding axons towards their targets.
- **Slit proteins:** These proteins act as repellants, pushing axons away from incorrect pathways.
- **Ephrins and Eph receptors:** These molecules play a crucial role in axon sorting and targeting, ensuring that axons reach their appropriate muscle groups.

3. **Target Recognition:** Branchiomotor neurons express specific receptors on their axons that bind to target-specific ligands. This interaction helps ensure the axons find and synapse with the correct muscle fibers.

4. **Axon Pruning and Refinement:** Once axons reach their targets, they undergo a process of pruning, where unnecessary branches are eliminated, and the remaining connections are strengthened. This refinement ensures precise and efficient muscle control.

5. **Synapse Formation:** The final step involves the formation of synapses, specialized junctions where the branchiomotor neurons communicate with muscle fibers. Synaptic transmission allows for the rapid and precise activation of muscles.

Throughout this process, various signaling pathways and transcription factors play crucial roles in coordinating axon growth, guidance, and target selection. Mutations or disruptions in these pathways can lead to developmental abnormalities and disorders affecting breathing, swallowing, and other essential functions.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (2)