Target type: biologicalprocess
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including ornithine. [GOC:go_curators]
The arginine catabolic process to ornithine is a crucial step in the urea cycle, which is responsible for removing ammonia from the body. This process occurs mainly in the liver and involves the following steps:
1. Arginine is first cleaved by the enzyme arginase, releasing urea and ornithine. Arginase is a highly specific enzyme that requires manganese as a cofactor.
2. Urea, a highly soluble nitrogenous waste product, is excreted by the kidneys.
3. Ornithine, a non-protein amino acid, is recycled back into the urea cycle to participate in further rounds of arginine breakdown.
The arginine catabolic process to ornithine plays a vital role in maintaining nitrogen balance in the body. Deficiencies in arginase activity can lead to hyperammonemia, a potentially fatal condition characterized by high levels of ammonia in the blood.
This pathway also plays a role in nitric oxide (NO) production. Arginine is the precursor for NO, which is a signaling molecule involved in various physiological functions, including vasodilation, neurotransmission, and immune response.
In summary, the arginine catabolic process to ornithine is an essential metabolic pathway that facilitates nitrogen excretion and contributes to NO synthesis.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Arginase-1 | An arginase-1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:P05089] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Arginase-2, mitochondrial | An arginase-2, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P78540] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2-aminoimidazole | 2-aminoimidazole: from catabolism of arginine | ||
| n(omega)-hydroxyarginine | N(5)-[(Z)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]-L-ornithine : An N(5)-[amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]-L-ornithine in which the double bond has Z-configuration. N(omega)-hydroxyarginine: can cause vasorelaxation of bovine intrapulmonary artery; structure given in first source | amino acid zwitterion; N(5)-[(E)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithine; N(5)-[(hydroxyamino)(imino)methyl]ornithine; N(5)-[(Z)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithine; N(5)-[amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]-L-ornithine; N(5)-[amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithine; N(omega)-hydroxy-L-arginine | |
| Nomega-hydroxy-nor-l-arginine | L-alpha-amino acid | ||
| 3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene | 3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: demethyl derivative of isorhapontigenin; structure in first source; a Syk kinase inhibitor; found in heartwood of FABACEAE; inhibitor of photosynthesis in spinach chloroplasts; may be inhibitor of plant growth; RN given refers to (E)-isomer piceatannol : A stilbenol that is trans-stilbene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4, while the other phenyl group is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5. | catechols; polyphenol; resorcinols; stilbenol | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| (S)-2-amino-6-boronohexanoic acid | (S)-2-amino-6-boronohexanoic acid : L-Norleucine substituted at C-6 with a borono group. | non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organoboron compound | |
| 2-amino-6-boronohexanoic acid |