cell communication by chemical coupling

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by the transfer of small, water-soluble molecules or metabolites between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels. [GOC:dph, GOC:kmv, GOC:tb]

Chemical coupling, also known as direct cell-cell communication, involves the exchange of molecules between adjacent cells through specialized junctions. These junctions, such as gap junctions in animals and plasmodesmata in plants, act as physical connections between the cytoplasm of neighboring cells. Through these junctions, small molecules, ions, and even signaling proteins can readily pass between cells. This allows for rapid and direct communication, enabling coordinated responses within tissues and organs.

In animal cells, gap junctions are formed by proteins called connexins, which assemble into channels connecting the cytoplasm of two adjacent cells. These channels allow the passage of ions, small metabolites, and signaling molecules, but not larger proteins or organelles. This type of communication plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including:

* **Synchronization of electrical activity:** In tissues like the heart and smooth muscle, gap junctions allow for the coordinated contraction of cells, enabling efficient and rhythmic function.

* **Metabolic coupling:** Gap junctions facilitate the exchange of nutrients and metabolites between cells, ensuring proper energy production and waste removal.

* **Developmental signaling:** During embryonic development, gap junctions play a critical role in cell-cell communication, coordinating cell differentiation and growth.

* **Immune responses:** Gap junctions enable communication between immune cells, allowing for the rapid coordination of inflammatory responses.

In plant cells, plasmodesmata are analogous to gap junctions. These channels are formed by extensions of the plasma membrane that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells. Plasmodesmata allow for the passage of water, ions, small metabolites, and even signaling proteins, but not large molecules like DNA or RNA. These channels play vital roles in plant growth, development, and defense responses.

Overall, chemical coupling provides a fast and direct mechanism for cell-cell communication. It is essential for coordinating cellular activities, enabling coordinated responses within tissues and organs, and playing a crucial role in development, physiology, and immune responses.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (1)