aromatic amino acid metabolic process

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic amino acid family, amino acids with aromatic ring (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan). [GOC:go_curators]

Aromatic amino acid metabolic processes encompass the intricate biochemical pathways responsible for the synthesis, breakdown, and interconversion of aromatic amino acids, namely phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. These processes play a crucial role in various cellular functions, including protein synthesis, neurotransmitter production, and the synthesis of essential biomolecules.

The initial steps involve the synthesis of aromatic amino acids from simpler precursors. For instance, phenylalanine is synthesized from erythrose 4-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate, while tyrosine is derived from phenylalanine through hydroxylation. Tryptophan biosynthesis, on the other hand, involves the condensation of indole and serine.

The breakdown of aromatic amino acids is a multifaceted process that begins with the removal of the amino group, generating alpha-keto acids. These alpha-keto acids are then subjected to a series of enzymatic reactions, ultimately leading to the production of various metabolic intermediates. For example, phenylalanine is converted to phenylpyruvate, which can be further metabolized to fumarate and acetoacetate. Tyrosine, on the other hand, is degraded to acetoacetate and fumarate. Tryptophan breakdown, however, yields a variety of products, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), serotonin, and melatonin.

Beyond their role in protein synthesis, aromatic amino acids serve as precursors for a range of biologically important molecules. Tyrosine, for example, is the precursor for catecholamines, including dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine, which play vital roles in neurotransmission and the stress response. Tryptophan is the precursor for serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in mood regulation, sleep, and appetite.

In conclusion, the metabolic processes of aromatic amino acids are fundamental to cellular function and organismal well-being. Their intricate pathways ensure the synthesis, breakdown, and interconversion of these essential amino acids, providing building blocks for protein synthesis and precursors for various biologically active molecules.'
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Proteins (2)

Compounds (2)