cysteine biosynthetic process from serine
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine from other compounds, including serine. [GOC:go_curators]
The biosynthesis of cysteine from serine is a complex metabolic pathway that involves multiple enzymes and cofactors. The process begins with the conversion of serine to O-acetylserine by the enzyme serine acetyltransferase. This reaction requires acetyl-CoA as a cofactor. O-acetylserine is then converted to cysteine by the enzyme cysteine synthase. This reaction requires sulfide as a cofactor. Cysteine synthase catalyzes the reaction of O-acetylserine with sulfide to form cysteine and acetate. The sulfide used in this reaction is derived from the reduction of sulfate by the enzyme sulfite reductase. The reduction of sulfate to sulfide is a complex process that involves multiple steps. The first step is the reduction of sulfate to sulfite by the enzyme ATP sulfurylase. This reaction requires ATP and inorganic phosphate as cofactors. Sulfite is then reduced to sulfide by the enzyme sulfite reductase. This reaction requires NADPH as a cofactor. The cysteine biosynthetic pathway is essential for the synthesis of proteins and other biomolecules that contain cysteine residues. Cysteine is also a precursor for the synthesis of glutathione, an important antioxidant that protects cells from oxidative damage.'
"
Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Cystathionine beta-synthase | A cystathionine beta-synthase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P35520] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (8)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| aminooxyacetic acid | (aminooxy)acetic acid : A member of the class of hydroxylamines that is acetic acid substituted at postion 2 by an aminooxy group. It is a compound which inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, resulting in increased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues. Aminooxyacetic Acid: A compound that inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, thereby raising the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues. | amino acid; hydroxylamines; monocarboxylic acid | anticonvulsant; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; nootropic agent |
| aurintricarboxylic acid | aurintricarboxylic acid : A member of the class of quinomethanes that is 3-methylidene-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by 4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl groups. The trisodium salt is the biological stain 'chrome violet CG' while the triammonium salt is 'aluminon'. Aurintricarboxylic Acid: A dye which inhibits protein biosynthesis at the initial stages. The ammonium salt (aluminon) is a reagent for the colorimetric estimation of aluminum in water, foods, and tissues. | monohydroxybenzoic acid; quinomethanes; tricarboxylic acid | fluorochrome; histological dye; insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 antagonist |
| hypericin | |||
| agathisflavone | agathisflavone : A biflavonoid that is obtained by oxidative coupling of two molecules of apigenin resulting in a bond between positions C-6 and C-8 of the two chromene rings. agathisflavone: bis-apigenin coupled at 6 and 8 positions; isolated from the plant Canarium manii; has hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity | biaryl; biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone | antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite |
| cupressuflavone | cupressuflavone : A biflavonoid that is obtained by oxidative coupling of two molecules of apigenin resulting in a bond between positions C-8 of the two chromene rings respectively. Isolated from Cupressus sempervirens and Juniperus occidentalis, it exhibits free radical scavenging and antielastase activities. cupressuflavone: from Cupressus macrocarpa; structure in first source | biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone; ring assembly | EC 3.4.21.37 (leukocyte elastase) inhibitor; metabolite; radical scavenger |
| myricetin | 7-hydroxyflavonol; hexahydroxyflavone | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; food component; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite | |
| podocarpusflavone a | podocarpusflavone A: isolated from Podocarpus imbricatus | flavonoid oligomer | |
| rubrolide a | rubrolide A: from Synoicum prunum; structure in first source |