Target type: biologicalprocess
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dCMP, deoxycytidine monophosphate. [ISBN:0198506732]
dCMP catabolic process is a fundamental metabolic pathway responsible for the breakdown of deoxycytidine monophosphate (dCMP), a nucleotide essential for DNA synthesis. This process occurs in various cellular compartments, primarily within the cytoplasm and nucleus.
The dCMP catabolic process begins with the deamination of dCMP by the enzyme deoxycytidylate deaminase (dCMP Deaminase). This enzyme removes the amino group from dCMP, converting it to deoxyUMP (deoxyuridine monophosphate). The resulting deoxyUMP can then follow two distinct pathways:
1. **Conversion to dUMP:** DeoxyUMP can be directly converted to dUMP by the enzyme thymidylate synthase, utilizing tetrahydrofolate as a cofactor. This pathway plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of thymine, another essential nucleotide for DNA synthesis.
2. **Conversion to UMP:** Alternatively, deoxyUMP can be converted to UMP (uridine monophosphate) by the enzyme deoxyribonucleotidase. UMP is a precursor for the synthesis of UDP (uridine diphosphate) and UTP (uridine triphosphate), essential components of various metabolic processes, including carbohydrate metabolism and signal transduction.
The dCMP catabolic process is tightly regulated to maintain proper levels of dCMP and other nucleotides. This regulation ensures the optimal balance between DNA synthesis, repair, and nucleotide degradation. Disturbances in dCMP catabolism can lead to various genetic disorders and metabolic abnormalities. For instance, mutations in dCMP Deaminase can cause severe immunodeficiency, highlighting the importance of this pathway in cellular function and immune system integrity.
Overall, the dCMP catabolic process is a critical metabolic pathway essential for maintaining proper nucleotide homeostasis, DNA synthesis, and cellular integrity. This intricate series of enzymatic reactions contributes to the overall balance of cellular metabolism and plays a vital role in various physiological processes.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Uridine phosphorylase 1 | A uridine phosphorylase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q16831] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase [NADP(+)] | A dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase [NADP(+)] that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q12882] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| doxifluridine | doxifluridine : A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase. | organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug |
| eniluracil | eniluracil: structure in first source; inactivates dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase | pyrimidone | |
| 5-benzylacyclouridine | 5-benzyl-1-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)uracil : A pyrimidone that is uracil which is substituted by a 2-hydroxyethoxymethyl group at position 1 and a benzyl group at position 5. 5-benzylacyclouridine: structure given in first source | hydroxyether; primary alcohol; pyrimidone | |
| 5-iodouracil | 5-iodouracil : An organoiodine compound consisting of uracil having an iodo substituent at the 5-position. 5-iodouracil: RN given refers to parent cpd | organoiodine compound | antimetabolite |
| 5-cyanouracil | |||
| 3-cyano-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pyridone | 3-cyano-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pyridone: structure in first source | ||
| 5-vinyluracil | 5-vinyluracil: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd | ||
| 2,6-dihydroxy-3-cyanopyridine | 2,6-dihydroxy-3-cyanopyridine: inhibitor of 5-fluorouracil degradation |