renal water retention

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The process in which renal water excretion is decreased. [GOC:mtg_cardio]

Renal water retention, also known as water retention or edema, is a condition where the body retains excess fluid, leading to swelling in various tissues and organs. The kidneys play a crucial role in regulating water balance in the body. The process of renal water retention involves a complex interplay of hormonal and physiological mechanisms. The primary regulator of water reabsorption in the kidneys is antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin. ADH is released from the posterior pituitary gland in response to increased plasma osmolality (concentration of dissolved substances in the blood) or decreased blood volume. ADH acts on the collecting ducts of the kidneys, promoting water reabsorption back into the bloodstream. This process is achieved by increasing the permeability of the collecting duct walls to water, allowing it to move from the tubular fluid back into the blood. Several factors can contribute to renal water retention, including: 1. **Hormonal imbalances**: a. **Increased ADH secretion**: Conditions such as stress, pain, and certain medications can stimulate ADH release, leading to excessive water reabsorption. b. **Decreased ADH production or resistance**: Conditions such as diabetes insipidus, a disorder characterized by insufficient ADH production or resistance to its effects, can lead to reduced water reabsorption. 2. **Kidney disease**: Damage to the kidneys can impair their ability to filter waste products and regulate water balance. 3. **Heart failure**: The heart's inability to pump blood effectively can lead to fluid buildup in the body, including the kidneys, resulting in water retention. 4. **Liver disease**: The liver plays a role in regulating blood volume and protein synthesis, both of which are essential for fluid balance. Liver disease can disrupt these functions, leading to water retention. 5. **Medications**: Certain medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and some blood pressure medications, can cause water retention as a side effect. 6. **Diet**: A diet high in salt can increase fluid retention, as sodium promotes water retention in the body. 7. **Pregnancy**: During pregnancy, hormonal changes and increased blood volume can contribute to water retention. 8. **Menstrual cycle**: Water retention is common during the premenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle. 9. **Other factors**: Other factors that can contribute to water retention include dehydration, lack of physical activity, and prolonged sitting or standing. Symptoms of renal water retention can range from mild to severe. Mild symptoms may include swelling in the hands, feet, ankles, and face. More severe symptoms can include shortness of breath, weight gain, and high blood pressure. Treatment for renal water retention depends on the underlying cause. In cases of hormonal imbalances, medication to regulate ADH levels may be prescribed. Kidney disease, heart failure, and liver disease require specific treatments to address the underlying conditions. Lifestyle modifications, such as reducing salt intake, increasing physical activity, and drinking plenty of fluids, can also help manage water retention. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment of renal water retention.'
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Compounds (26)