glycine and Depression
glycine has been researched along with Depression in 22 studies
Depression: Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.
Research Excerpts
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "Our findings suggest that skeletal muscular glycine contributes to the antidepressant effects of ketamine in inflammation." | 7.91 | Contribution of skeletal muscular glycine to rapid antidepressant effects of ketamine in an inflammation-induced mouse model of depression. ( Hua, D; Hua, F; Huang, N; Jiang, R; Li, S; Luo, A; Wang, Y; Wu, Y; Yang, C; Yang, L; Yu, F; Zhan, G; Zhu, B, 2019) |
| "We measured the serum levels of d-serine, l-serine, glycine, glutamate and glutamine in patients with depression (n=70), and age-matched healthy subjects (n=78)." | 7.83 | Increased serum levels of serine enantiomers in patients with depression. ( Enohara, M; Fujita, Y; Hasegawa, T; Hashimoto, K; Hashimoto, T; Ishikawa, M; Iyo, M; Kanahara, N; Kimura, A; Nakazato, M; Niitsu, T; Sasaki, T; Shiina, A; Watanabe, H; Yoshida, T, 2016) |
| "Glycine was well tolerated, resulted in significantly increased serum glycine levels and induced a mean 36 (7%) reduction in negative symptoms (P < 0." | 6.68 | Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of glycine adjuvant therapy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. ( Ermilov, M; Heresco-Levy, U; Horowitz, A; Javitt, DC; Kelly, D; Mordel, C, 1996) |
| "Glycine's effect was blocked by strychnine, a GlyR antagonist, indicating that it was mediated by strychnine-sensitive GlyRs." | 5.51 | Activation of glycine receptors in the lateral habenula rescues anxiety- and depression-like behaviors associated with alcohol withdrawal and reduces alcohol intake in rats. ( Fu, R; Li, W; Ndukwe, M; Wu, L; Wu, W; Ye, JH; Zhang, H; Zuo, QK; Zuo, W, 2019) |
| " MDD patients had significantly higher serum levels of glutamic acid, aspartic acid and glycine but lower levels of 3-Hydroxykynurenine; glutamic acid and phenylalanine levels also correlated with depression severity." | 4.31 | The Utility of Amino Acid Metabolites in the Diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder and Correlations with Depression Severity. ( Ching, J; Ho, CSH; Tay, GWN; Wee, HN, 2023) |
| "Our findings suggest that skeletal muscular glycine contributes to the antidepressant effects of ketamine in inflammation." | 3.91 | Contribution of skeletal muscular glycine to rapid antidepressant effects of ketamine in an inflammation-induced mouse model of depression. ( Hua, D; Hua, F; Huang, N; Jiang, R; Li, S; Luo, A; Wang, Y; Wu, Y; Yang, C; Yang, L; Yu, F; Zhan, G; Zhu, B, 2019) |
| "We measured the serum levels of d-serine, l-serine, glycine, glutamate and glutamine in patients with depression (n=70), and age-matched healthy subjects (n=78)." | 3.83 | Increased serum levels of serine enantiomers in patients with depression. ( Enohara, M; Fujita, Y; Hasegawa, T; Hashimoto, K; Hashimoto, T; Ishikawa, M; Iyo, M; Kanahara, N; Kimura, A; Nakazato, M; Niitsu, T; Sasaki, T; Shiina, A; Watanabe, H; Yoshida, T, 2016) |
| "The purpose of this study is to explore depression metabolic markers in rat hippocampus and to investigate the anti-depressant effect of genipin and its mechanisms using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabonomics." | 3.80 | [1H NMR based metabonomics study on the antidepressant effect of genipin in rat hippocampus]. ( Gao, S; Peng, GJ; Qin, XM; Shi, BY; Tian, JS, 2014) |
| "Glycine was well tolerated, resulted in significantly increased serum glycine levels and induced a mean 36 (7%) reduction in negative symptoms (P < 0." | 2.68 | Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of glycine adjuvant therapy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. ( Ermilov, M; Heresco-Levy, U; Horowitz, A; Javitt, DC; Kelly, D; Mordel, C, 1996) |
| "Glycine's effect was blocked by strychnine, a GlyR antagonist, indicating that it was mediated by strychnine-sensitive GlyRs." | 1.51 | Activation of glycine receptors in the lateral habenula rescues anxiety- and depression-like behaviors associated with alcohol withdrawal and reduces alcohol intake in rats. ( Fu, R; Li, W; Ndukwe, M; Wu, L; Wu, W; Ye, JH; Zhang, H; Zuo, QK; Zuo, W, 2019) |
Research
Studies (22)
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 4 (18.18) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 5 (22.73) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 1 (4.55) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 8 (36.36) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 4 (18.18) | 2.80 |
Authors
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Ho, CSH | 1 |
| Tay, GWN | 1 |
| Wee, HN | 1 |
| Ching, J | 1 |
| Liu, M | 1 |
| He, J | 1 |
| Ruan, C | 1 |
| Pan, W | 1 |
| Mao, P | 1 |
| Sun, Z | 1 |
| Wang, G | 1 |
| Yang, J | 1 |
| Li, G | 1 |
| Zhao, M | 1 |
| Cheng, X | 1 |
| Zhao, T | 1 |
| Feng, Z | 1 |
| Zhao, Y | 1 |
| Fan, M | 1 |
| Zhu, L | 1 |
| Zhao, S | 1 |
| Chi, A | 1 |
| Yan, J | 1 |
| Yao, C | 1 |
| Cattani, D | 1 |
| Cesconetto, PA | 1 |
| Tavares, MK | 1 |
| Parisotto, EB | 1 |
| De Oliveira, PA | 1 |
| Rieg, CEH | 1 |
| Leite, MC | 1 |
| Prediger, RDS | 1 |
| Wendt, NC | 1 |
| Razzera, G | 1 |
| Filho, DW | 1 |
| Zamoner, A | 1 |
| Li, W | 1 |
| Zuo, W | 1 |
| Wu, W | 1 |
| Zuo, QK | 1 |
| Fu, R | 1 |
| Wu, L | 1 |
| Zhang, H | 1 |
| Ndukwe, M | 1 |
| Ye, JH | 1 |
| Huang, N | 1 |
| Wang, Y | 1 |
| Zhan, G | 1 |
| Yu, F | 1 |
| Li, S | 2 |
| Hua, D | 1 |
| Jiang, R | 1 |
| Wu, Y | 1 |
| Yang, L | 1 |
| Zhu, B | 1 |
| Hua, F | 1 |
| Luo, A | 1 |
| Yang, C | 1 |
| Moskal, JR | 1 |
| Burch, R | 1 |
| Burgdorf, JS | 1 |
| Kroes, RA | 1 |
| Stanton, PK | 1 |
| Disterhoft, JF | 1 |
| Leander, JD | 1 |
| Peng, GJ | 1 |
| Shi, BY | 1 |
| Tian, JS | 1 |
| Gao, S | 1 |
| Qin, XM | 1 |
| Khojasteh, F | 1 |
| Nahavandi, A | 1 |
| Mehrpouya, S | 1 |
| Homberg, JR | 1 |
| Mirzamohammadi, S | 1 |
| Raufi, S | 1 |
| Soleimani, M | 1 |
| Barati, M | 1 |
| Hashimoto, K | 1 |
| Yoshida, T | 1 |
| Ishikawa, M | 1 |
| Fujita, Y | 1 |
| Niitsu, T | 1 |
| Nakazato, M | 1 |
| Watanabe, H | 1 |
| Sasaki, T | 1 |
| Shiina, A | 1 |
| Hashimoto, T | 1 |
| Kanahara, N | 1 |
| Hasegawa, T | 1 |
| Enohara, M | 1 |
| Kimura, A | 1 |
| Iyo, M | 1 |
| Wider, C | 1 |
| Dachsel, JC | 1 |
| Farrer, MJ | 1 |
| Dickson, DW | 1 |
| Tsuboi, Y | 1 |
| Wszolek, ZK | 1 |
| WEINBERG, MM | 1 |
| Peskov, AB | 1 |
| Maevskii, EI | 1 |
| Uchitel', ML | 1 |
| Sakharova, NY | 1 |
| Vize-Khripunova, MA | 1 |
| Bonkowsky, HL | 1 |
| Schady, W | 1 |
| Nowak, G | 1 |
| Paul, IA | 1 |
| Popik, P | 1 |
| Young, A | 1 |
| Skolnick, P | 1 |
| Berlin, I | 1 |
| Said, S | 1 |
| Spreux-Varoquaux, O | 1 |
| Olivares, R | 1 |
| Launay, JM | 1 |
| Puech, AJ | 1 |
| Leiderman, E | 1 |
| Zylberman, I | 1 |
| Zukin, SR | 1 |
| Cooper, TB | 1 |
| Javitt, DC | 2 |
| Heresco-Levy, U | 1 |
| Ermilov, M | 1 |
| Mordel, C | 1 |
| Horowitz, A | 1 |
| Kelly, D | 1 |
| Naylor, JM | 1 |
| Leibel, T | 1 |
| Middleton, DM | 1 |
| Plotnikoff, NP | 1 |
| Kastin, AJ | 1 |
| Anderson, MS | 1 |
| Schally, AV | 1 |
| Ressler, C | 1 |
| Koga, T | 1 |
Clinical Trials (4)
Trial Overview
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Effects of Glycine Transport Inhibition on Brain Glycine Concentration[NCT00538070] | 68 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-08-31 | Completed | |||
| Pilot Study of Glycine Augmentation in Carriers of a Mutation in the Gene Encoding Glycine Decarboxylase[NCT01720316] | Phase 2 | 2 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-12-10 | Completed | ||
| Targeting a Genetic Mutation in Glycine Metabolism With D-cycloserine[NCT02304432] | Early Phase 1 | 2 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-09-27 | Completed | ||
| Controlled and Randomized Clinical Trial for Evaluating the Effect of a Supplement of Glycine as Adjuvant in the Treatment of COVID-19 Pneumonia in Patients Initiating Mechanical Ventilation[NCT04443673] | 59 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-06-15 | Terminated (stopped due to An interim analysis showed no difference in major outcomes (n=35 glycine and n=24 control participants)) | |||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
Trial Outcomes
Auditory Evoked Potentials - P50 Ratio (P50 S2/P50 S1 Amplitude) at 1) BASELINE - Pre-glycine Treatment and 2) IN WEEK 6 OF GLYCINE TREATMENT
Auditory evoked potentials amplitude: P50 ratio (S2/S1). Participants were assessed at baseline and in week 6 of open-label glycine treatment. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: Recordings at baseline and week 6 of glycine
| Intervention | ratio (Number) |
|---|---|
| Auditory ERPs Amplitude (Deg) Baseline: Subject 2 | 44.51 |
| Auditory ERPs Amplitude (Deg) 6 Weeks of Glycine: Subject 2 | 35.67 |
Auditory Evoked Potentials in Amplitude (Degrees Measured in Microvolts) at 1) BASELINE - Pre-glycine Treatment and 2) IN WEEK 6 OF GLYCINE TREATMENT
Auditory evoked potentials amplitude: P300 at fz, cz, and pz; N100 at fz and cz; P200 at fz and cz; P50 S1 and S2 amplitude; mismatch negativity (MMN) at fz and cz. Participants were assessed at baseline and in week 6 of open-label glycine treatment. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: Recordings at baseline and week 6 of glycine
| Intervention | microvolts (Number) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P300 amplitude at fz | P300 amplitude at cz | P300 amplitude at pz | N100 amplitude at fz | N100 amplitude at cz | P200 amplitude at fz | P200 amplitude at cz | P50 S1 amplitude | P50 S2 amplitude | MMN amplitude at fz | MMN amplitude at cz | |
| Auditory ERPs Amplitude (Deg) 6 Weeks of Glycine: Subject 2 | 3.74 | 6.6 | 5.57 | -4.71 | -3.89 | 6.29 | 7.8 | 2.2 | 0.78 | -1.004 | -1.322 |
| Auditory ERPs Amplitude (Deg) Baseline: Subject 2 | -0.635 | 6.53 | 5.34 | -3.93 | -3.62 | 1.662 | 6.59 | 2.76 | 1.23 | -3.356 | -4.13 |
Auditory Evoked Potentials in Gammas Oscillations (the Power Spectrum is Measured in Microvolts Squared) at 1) BASELINE - Pre-glycine Treatment and 2) IN WEEK 6 OF GLYCINE TREATMENT
Auditory evoked potentials gamma: G40 hz phase locking at fz and cz; G20 hz phase locking response at fz and cz G30 hz phase locking response at fz and cz. Participants were assessed at baseline and in week 6 of open-label glycine treatment. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: Recordings at baseline and week 6 of glycine
| Intervention | microvolts squared (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G40 fz | G40 cz | G20 fz | G20 cz | G30 fz | G30 cz | |
| Auditory ERPs Gamma 6 Weeks of Glycine: Subject 2 | 0.255 | 0.29 | 0.107 | 0.108 | 0.177 | 0.242 |
| Auditory ERPs Gamma Baseline: Subject 2 | 0.135 | 0.168 | 0.023 | 0.03 | 0.19 | 0.163 |
Auditory Evoked Potentials in Latency (Msec) at BASELINE - Pre-glycine Treatment and 2) IN WEEK 6 OF TREATMENT WITH GLYCINE
Auditory evoked potentials latency: P300 at fz, cz, and pz); N100 at fz and cz); P200 at fz and cz. Participants were assessed at baseline and in week of open-label glycine treatment. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: Recordings at baseline and week 6 of glycine
| Intervention | msec (Number) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P300 latency at fz | P300 latency at cz | P300 latency at pz | N100 latency at fz | N100 latency at cz | P200 latency at fz | P200 latency at cz | |
| Auditory ERPs Latency (ms) 6 Weeks of Glycine: Subject 2 | 300.78 | 293 | 294.92 | 94 | 94 | 205 | 203 |
| Auditory ERPs Latency (ms) Baseline: Subject 2 | 279.3 | 279.3 | 279.3 | 97.66 | 91.8 | 197.27 | 193.4 |
Brain GABA Metabolite Levels (GABA/Creatine Ratio: GABA/Cr) at 1) BASELINE - Pre-glycine Treatment and 2) IN WEEK 6 OF GLYCINE TREATMENT
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy GABA/Cr. Participants were assessed 1) pre-glycine treatment (baseline) and 2) in week 6 of open-label glycine treatment measured in posterior occipital cortex. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 6 of glycine
| Intervention | ratio (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline GABA/Cr | Week 6 of glycine tx GABA/Cr | |
| Subject1: Brain GABA/CR Ratio- Baseline/Week 6 of Glycine | 0.16 | 0.22 |
| Subject2: Brain GABA/CR Ratio- Baseline/Week 6 of Glycine | 0.27 | 0.24 |
Brain Glutamate Metabolite Levels (Glutamate/Creatine Ratio: Glu/Cr) at 1) BASELINE - Pre-glycine Treatment and 2) IN WEEK 6 OF GLYCINE TREATMENT
magnetic resonance spectroscopy - glutamate metabolite level. Participants were assessed 1) pre-glycine treatment and in week 6 of open-label glycine treatment. Measured in posterior occipital cortex. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: baseline and week 6 of glycine
| Intervention | ratio (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline brain glutamate/Cr ratio | Week 6 brain glutamate/Cr ratio | |
| Subject1: Brain Glutamate/CR Ratio- Baseline/Week 6 of Glycine | 0.98 | 0.84 |
| Subject2: Brain Glutamate/CR Ratio- Baseline/Week 6 of Glycine | 2.053 | 1.13 |
Brain Glycine/CR Ratio
magnetic resonance spectroscopy: glycine/creatine ratio. Participants were assessed at 1) BASELINE PRE-GLYCINE TREATMENT: pre-glycine challenge drink, 60 minutes post challenge drink, 80 minutes post challenge drink, 100 minutes post challenge drink, and 120 minutes post challenge drink (0.4 g/kg up to max of 30 g); and 2) IN WEEK 6 OF OPEN-LABEL GLYCINE TREATMENT: pre-glycine dose, and 60 minutes, 80 minutes, 100 minutes and 120 minutes post daily dose of glycine. Measured in posterior occipital cortex (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: baseline (pre-challenge, 60, 80, 100, 120 minutes post-challenge), and week 6 of glycine (pre-dose and 60, 80, 100, 120 minutes post-dose
| Intervention | ratio (Number) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline - pre-challenge drink | Baseline 60 minutes post challenge drink | Baseline 80 minutes post challenge drink | Baseline 100 minutes post challenge drink | Baseline 120 minutes post challenge drink | Week 6 of glycine - pre-glycine dose | Week 6 of glycine - 60 minutes post glycine dose | Week 6 of glycine - 80 minutes post glycine dose | Week 6 of glycine - 100 minutes post glycine dose | Week 6 of glycine - 120 minutes post glycine dose | |
| Subject 2:Brain Glycine/CR Ratio at Baseline/Week 6 of Glycine | 0.5691 | 0.3918 | 0.6428 | 0.6363 | 0.9559 | 0.3235 | 0.3807 | 0.5591 | 0.4142 | 0.3545 |
| Subject1: Brain Glycine/CR Ratio at Baseline/Week 6 of Glycine | 0.2558 | 0.6157 | 0.6631 | 0.5938 | 0.6953 | 0.6573 | 0.2983 | 0.4577 | 0.5751 | 0.3842 |
Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) Scores at Baseline and at 2 Weeks, 4 Weeks, and 6 Weeks Positive and Negative Symptom Scores at Baseline and at 2, 4, and 6 Weeks During Intervention 1, Intervention 2, and During Open-label Glycine
Total BPRS score measures severity of 18 psychiatric symptoms. Each symptom is scored 1-7 with the total score ranging from 18-126. 18 means no symptoms and 126 means very severe symptoms. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: baseline and at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks within and after each treatment period
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BPRS at baseline | BPRS at 2 weeks intervention 1 | BPRS at 4 weeks intervention 1 | BPRS at 6 weeks intervention 1 | BPRS, end of washout1 | BPRS at 2 weeks intervention 2 | BPRS at 4 weeks intervention 2 | BPRS at 6 weeks intervention 2 | BPRS, end of washout2 | BPRS at 2 weeks open label | BPRS at 4 weeks open label | BPRS at 6 weeks open label | BPRS, end of washout3 | |
| Glycine, Then Placebo | 39 | 38 | 32 | 21 | 22 | 37 | 31 | 37 | 32 | 23 | 22 | 21 | 19 |
| Placebo, Then Glycine | 46 | 38 | 39 | 28 | 34 | 32 | 20 | 23 | 24 | 20 | 18 | 19 | 23 |
Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Severity Scores at Baseline and at 2 Weeks, 4 Weeks, and 6 Weeks Within Each Treatment Period
Clinical Global Impression (CGI) severity scores measure severity of mental illness on a scale of 1-7 where 1 means normal, not at all ill, 2 means borderline mentally ill, 3 means mildly ill, 4 means moderately ill, 5 means markedly ill, 6 means severely ill and 7 means among the most extremely ill patients. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: CGI at baseline and at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks per treatment period
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CGI severity score at baseline | CGI severity score at 2 weeks intervention 1 | CGI severity score at 4 weeks intervention 1 | CGI severity score at 6 weeks intervention 1 | CGI severity score, end of washout1 | CGI severity score at 2 weeks intervention 2 | CGI severity score at 4 weeks intervention 2 | CGI severity score at 6 weeks intervention 2 | CGI severity score, end of washout2 | CGI severity score at 2 weeks open label | CGI severity score at 4 weeks open label | CGI severity score at 6 weeks open label | CGI severity score, end of washout3 | |
| Glycine, Then Placebo | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
| Placebo, Then Glycine | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Therapeutic Effect Scores at 2 Weeks, 4 Weeks, and 6 Weeks Within Each Treatment Period
Clinical Global Impression (CGI) therapeutic effect scores measure degree of improvement as marked (1), moderate (5), minimal (9) or unchanged/worse (13). (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks within each treatment period
| Intervention | score (Number) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CGI therapeutic effect at 2 weeks intervention 1 | CGI therapeutic effect at 4 weeks intervention 1 | CGI therapeutic effect at 6 weeks intervention 1 | CGI therapeutic effect, end of washout1 | CGI therapeutic effect at 2 weeks intervention 2 | CGI therapeutic effect at 4 weeks intervention 2 | CGI therapeutic effect at 6 weeks intervention 2 | CGI therapeutic effect, end of washout2 | CGI therapeutic effect at 2 weeks open label | CGI therapeutic effect at 4 weeks open label | CGI therapeutic effect at 6 weeks open label | CGI therapeutic effect, end of washout3 | |
| Glycine, Then Placebo | 13 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 |
| Placebo, Then Glycine | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 13 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Depression Symptom Scores at Baseline and at 2 Weeks, 4 Weeks, and 6 Weeks Within Each Treatment Period
Hamilton Depression Scale measures severity of depression symptoms. The sum of ratings for 9 depression symptoms are measured on a scale from 0-2 with 0 meaning no symptoms and 2 meaning some level of severity of that specific symptom. The rating for 1 depression symptom is measured on a scale from 0-3 with 0 meaning no symptoms and 3 meaning a severe level of that specific symptom. The sum of ratings for 11 depression symptoms are measured on a scale from 0-4 with 0 meaning no symptoms and 4 meaning a severe level of that specific symptom. The three sums are added to produce an overall depression rating scale score ranging from 0-65. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: baseline and at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks within each treatment period
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depression symptoms at baseline | Depression symptoms at 2 weeks intervention 1 | Depression symptoms at 4 weeks intervention 1 | Depression symptoms at 6 weeks intervention 1 | Depression symptoms, end of washout1 | Depression symptoms at 2 weeks intervention 2 | Depression symptoms at 4 weeks intervention 2 | Depression symptoms at 6 weeks intervention 2 | Depression symptoms, end of washout2 | Depression symptoms at 2 weeks open label | Depression symptoms at 4 weeks open label | Depression symptoms at 6 weeks open label | Depression symptoms, end of washout3 | |
| Glycine, Then Placebo | 18 | 17 | 11 | 3 | 1 | 19 | 5 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| Placebo, Then Glycine | 12 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Glycine Plasma Amino Acid Levels at Baseline, During Glycine Treatment, During Placebo Treatment and During Open-label Glycine
Plasma glycine levels; normal range is 122-467 nM/mL (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: At baseline, during glycine treatment, during placebo treatment and during open-label glycine
| Intervention | nM/mL (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Glycine double-blind | Placebo | Glycine open-label | |
| Glycine Then Placebo | 216 | 410 | 194 | 516 |
| Placebo Then Glycine | 271 | 761 | 347 | 634 |
Mania Symptom Scores at Baseline and at 2 Weeks, 4 Weeks, and 6 Weeks Within Each Treatment Period
Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) measures severity of manic symptoms. The sum of ratings for 7 symptoms of mania is measured on a scale from 0-4 and the sum of 4 symptoms of mania is measured on a scale from 0-8 to yield a total score ranging from 0-60, with 0 meaning no manic symptoms and 60 meaning severe manic symptoms. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: baseline and at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks within each treatment period
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manic symptoms at baseline | Manic symptoms at 2 weeks intervention 1 | Manic symptoms at 4 weeks intervention 1 | Manic symptoms at 6 weeks intervention 1 | Manic symptoms, end of washout1 | Manic symptoms at 2 weeks intervention 2 | Manic symptoms at 4 weeks intervention 2 | Manic symptoms at 6 weeks intervention 2 | Manic symptoms, end of washout2 | Manic symptoms at 2 weeks open label | Manic symptoms at 4 weeks open label | Manic symptoms at 6 weeks open label | Manic symptoms, end of washout3 | |
| Glycine, Then Placebo | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Placebo, Then Glycine | 7 | 7 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Neurocognitive Function at Baseline, During Glycine Treatment, During Placebo Treatment and During Open-label Glycine
Scores on each of 8 domains of cognitive function (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning/problem solving, social cognition, overall composite). Scores are T scores ranging from 0-100, with 50 representing the mean for a population based on a normal distribution; standard deviation of 10. Only overall composite score is entered. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: At baseline, during glycine treatment, during placebo treatment and during open-label glycine
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Participant 1 | Participant 2 | |
| Baseline | 45 | 48 |
| Composite Score on Glycine, Double-blind | 52 | 52 |
| Composite Score on Glycine, Open-label | 49 | 46 |
| Composite Score on Placebo | 52 | 55 |
Positive and Negative Symptom Scores at Baseline and at 2 Weeks, 4 Weeks, and 6 Weeks During Intervention 1 (Glycine or Placebo), Intervention 2 (Glycine or Placebo), and During Open-label Glycine
Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) measures positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The sum of ratings for seven positive symptoms are measured on a scale from 7-49 with 7 meaning no symptoms and 49 meaning severe symptoms. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: baseline and at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks within each treatment period and after each treatment period
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive symptoms at baseline | Positive symptoms at 2 weeks intervention 1 | Positive symptoms at 4 weeks intervention 1 | Positive symptoms at 6 weeks intervention 1 | Positive symptoms, end of washout1 | Positive symptoms at 2 weeks intervention 2 | Positive symptoms at 4 weeks intervention 2 | Positive symptoms at 6 weeks intervention 2 | Positive symptoms, end of washout2 | Positive symptoms at 2 weeks open label | Positive symptoms at 4 weeks open label | Positive symptoms at 6 weeks open label | Positive symptoms, end of washout3 | |
| Glycine, Then Placebo | 13 | 12 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 12 | 11 | 14 | 14 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 7 |
| Placebo, Then Glycine | 19 | 20 | 19 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 8 |
Auditory Evoked Potentials - P50 Ratio (P50 S2/S1) (Amplitude)
Auditory evoked potential amplitude: P50 ratio (P50 S2/S1) (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8 of DCS treatment
| Intervention | ratio (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| P50 ratio: Baseline | P50 ratio: Week 8 of DCS | |
| First Open Label DCS | 44.51 | 30 |
Auditory Evoked Potentials in Amplitude (Degrees Measured in Microvolts)
Auditory evoked potential amplitude: P300 at fz, cz, and pz; N100 at fz and cz; P200 at fz and cz; P50 S1 and S2; mismatch negativity (MMN) at fz and cz. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8 of DCS treatment
| Intervention | microvolts (Number) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P300 at fz: Baseline | P300 at cz: Baseline | P300 at pz: Baseline | N100 at fz: Baseline | N100 at cz: Baseline | P200 at fz: Baseline | P200 at cz: Baseline | P50 S1: Baseline | P50 S2: Baseline | MMN at fz: Baseline | MMN at cz: Baseline | P300 at fz: Week 8 of DCS | P300 at cz: Week 8 of DCS | P300 at pz: Week 8 of DCS | N100 at fz: Week 8 of DCS | N100 at cz: Week 8 of DCS | P200 at fz: Week 8 of DCS | P200 at cz: Week 8 of DCS | P50 S1: Week 8 of DCS | P50 S2: Week 8 of DCS | MMN at fz: Week 8 of DCS | MMN at cz: Week 8 of DCS | |
| First Open Label DCS | -0.635 | 6.529 | 5.340 | -3.926 | -3.615 | 1.662 | 6.591 | 2.759 | 1.23 | -3.356 | -4.130 | 3.030 | 6.810 | 6.620 | -3.260 | -3.940 | 8.200 | 8.160 | 1.36 | 0.4 | -3.330 | -1.540 |
Auditory Evoked Potentials in Gamma Oscillations (the Power Spectrum is Measured in Microvolts Squared)
Auditory evoked potential gamma: G40 hz phase locking at fz and cz; G30 hz phase locking at fz and cz; G20 hz phase locking at fz and cz (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8 of DCS treatment
| Intervention | microvolts squared (Number) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G40 hz phase locking at fz: Baseline | G40 hz phase locking at cz: Baseline | G30 hz phase locking at fz: Baseline | G30 hz phase locking at cz: Baseline | G20 hz phase locking at fz: Baseline | G20 hz phase locking at cz: Baseline | G40 hz phase locking at fz: Week 8 of DCS | G40 hz phase locking at cz: Week 8 of DCS | G30 hz phase locking at fz: Week 8 of DCS | G30 hz phase locking at cz: Week 8 of DCS | G20 hz phase locking at fz: Week 8 of DCS | G20 hz phase locking at cz: Week 8 of DCS | |
| First Open Label DCS | 0.135 | 0.168 | 0.190 | 0.163 | 0.023 | 0.030 | 0.344 | 0.381 | 0.168 | 0.19 | 0.01 | -0.01 |
Auditory Evoked Potentials in Latency (Msec)
Auditory evoked potential latency: P300 at fz, cz, and pz; N100 at fz and cz; P200 at fz and cz. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8 of DCS treatment
| Intervention | msec (Number) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P300 at fz: Baseline | P300 at cz: Baseline | P300 at pz: Baseline | N100 at fz: Baseline | N100 at cz: Baseline | P200 at fz: Baseline | P200 at cz: Baseline | P300 at fz: Week 8 of DCS | P300 at cz: Week 8 of DCS | P300 at pz: Week 8 of DCS | N100 at fz: Week 8 of DCS | N100 at cz: Week 8 of DCS | P200 at fz: Week 8 of DCS | P200 at cz: Week 8 of DCS | |
| First Open Label DCS | 279.297 | 279.297 | 279.297 | 97.656 | 91.797 | 197.266 | 193.359 | 294.920 | 294.000 | 294 | 87.9 | 88.000 | 212.890 | 212.000 |
Brain Glycine/CR Ratio
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 4T: brain glycine/CR ratio. Participants were assessed at baseline (pre-glycine challenge dose and 60, 80, 100 and 120 minutes post glycine dose) and in week 8 of of open-label DCS treatment: pre-DCS dose, and 60, 80, 100 and 120 minutes post DCS dose. Measured in posterior occipital cortex. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8 of DCS treatment
| Intervention | ratio (Median) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Baseline at 60 minutes | Baseline at 80 minutes | Baseline at 100 minutes | Baseline at 120 minutes | Week 8 of DCS: Baseline | Week 8 of DCS: 60 minutes | Week 8 of DCS: 80 minutes | Week 8 of DCS: 100 minutes | Week 8 of DCS: 120 minutes | |
| Open Label DCS | 0.41245 | 0.50375 | 0.65295 | 0.61505 | 0.8256 | 0.10977 | 0.248885 | 0.32609 | 0.32052 | 0.312155 |
Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) Scores
Total BPRS score measures severity of 18 psychiatric symptoms. Each symptom is scored 1-7 with the total score ranging from 18-126. 18 means no symptoms and 126 means very severe symptoms. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline & at 2, 4, 6 & 8 Weeks during open-label phase 1 and every 2 weeks up to 24 weeks during open label phase 2
| Intervention | units on a scale (Median) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline BPRS | 2 weeks BPRS | 4 weeks BPRS | 6 weeks BPRS | 8 weeks BPRS | 10 weeks BPRS | 12 weeks BPRS | 14 weeks BPRS | 16 weeks BPRS | 18 weeks BPRS | 20 weeks BPRS | 22 weeks BPRS | 24 weeks BPRS | |
| First Open Label DCS | 37 | 25 | 26 | 24 | 24.5 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Second Open Label DCS | 31.5 | 30.5 | 28 | 25.5 | 26 | 26.5 | 26 | 25.5 | 28.5 | 27 | 25 | 24.5 | 26.5 |
Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) Scores
Total BPRS score measures severity of 18 psychiatric symptoms. Each symptom is scored 1-7 with the total score ranging from 18-126. 18 means no symptoms and 126 means very severe symptoms. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline, 2, 4, & 6 weeks (crossover periods)
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline BPRS for first intervention | 2 weeks BPRS for first intervention | 4 weeks BPRS for first intervention | 6 weeks BPRS for first intervention | Baseline BPRS for second intervention | 2 weeks BPRS for second intervention | 4 weeks BPRS for second intervention | 6 weeks BPRS for second intervention | |
| DCS First, Then Placebo | 26 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 39 | 45 | 45 | 38 |
| Placebo First, Then DCS | 29 | 35 | 33 | 35 | 36 | 30 | 27 | 28 |
Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Severity Scores
CGI severity scores measure severity of mental illness on a scale of 1-7 where 1 means normal, not at all ill, 2 means borderline mentally ill, 3 means mildly ill, 4 means moderately ill, 5 means markedly ill, 6 means severely ill and 7 means among the most extremely ill patients. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline & at 2, 4, 6 & 8 Weeks during open-label phase 1 and every 2 weeks up to 24 weeks during open label phase 2
| Intervention | units on a scale (Median) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline CGI | 2 weeks CGI | 4 weeks CGI | 6 weeks CGI | 8 weeks CGI | 10 weeks CGI | 12 weeks CGI | 14 weeks CGI | 16 weeks CGI | 18 weeks CGI | 20 weeks CGI | 22 weeks CGI | 24 weeks CGI | |
| First Open Label DCS | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Second Open Label DCS | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Severity Scores
CGI severity scores measure severity of mental illness on a scale of 1-7 where 1 means normal, not at all ill, 2 means borderline mentally ill, 3 means mildly ill, 4 means moderately ill, 5 means markedly ill, 6 means severely ill and 7 means among the most extremely ill patients. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline, 2, 4, & 6 weeks (crossover periods)
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline CGI for first intervention | 2 weeks CGI for first intervention | 4 weeks CGI for first intervention | 6 weeks CGI for first intervention | Baseline CGI for second intervention | 2 weeks CGI for second intervention | 4 weeks CGI for second intervention | 6 weeks CGI for second intervention | |
| DCS First, Then Placebo | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Placebo First, Then DCS | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Depression Symptom Scores
Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM) measures severity of depression symptoms. The sum of the ratings for 9 depression symptoms is measured on a scale of 0-2 with 0 meaning no depression symptoms and 2 meaning some level of severity of that specific symptom. The rating for one depression symptom is measured on a scale of 0-3 with 0 meaning no depression symptoms and 3 meaning a severe level of that specific symptom. The sum of ratings for 11 depression symptoms is measured on a scale of 0-4, with 0 meaning no symptoms and 4 meaning a severe level of that specific symptom. The three sums are added to produce an overall depression rating scale score ranging from 0-65. Higher scores indicate worse depression symptoms. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline & at 2, 4, 6 & 8 Weeks during open-label phase 1 and every 2 weeks up to 24 weeks during open label phase 2
| Intervention | units on a scale (Median) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline HAM | 2 weeks HAM | 4 weeks HAM | 6 weeks HAM | 8 weeks HAM | 10 weeks HAM | 12 weeks HAM | 14 weeks HAM | 16 weeks HAM | 18 weeks HAM | 20 weeks HAM | 22 weeks HAM | 24 weeks HAM | |
| First Open Label DCS | 5 | 1.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 1.5 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Second Open Label DCS | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Depression Symptom Scores
Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM) measures severity of depression symptoms. The sum of the ratings for 9 depression symptoms is measured on a scale of 0-2 with 0 meaning no depression symptoms and 2 meaning some level of severity of that specific symptom. The rating for one depression symptom is measured on a scale of 0-3 with 0 meaning no depression symptoms and 3 meaning a severe level of that specific symptom. The sum of ratings for 11 depression symptoms is measured on a scale of 0-4, with 0 meaning no symptoms and 4 meaning a severe level of that specific symptom. The three sums are added to produce an overall depression rating scale score ranging from 0-65. Higher scores indicate worse depression symptoms. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline, 2, 4, & 6 weeks (crossover periods)
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline HAM for first intervention | 2 weeks HAM for first intervention | 4 weeks HAM for first intervention | 6 weeks HAM for first intervention | Baseline HAM for second intervention | 2 weeks HAM for second intervention | 4 weeks HAM for second intervention | 6 weeks HAM for second intervention | |
| DCS First, Then Placebo | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 12 | 9 | 2 |
| Placebo First, Then DCS | 4 | 5 | 2 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Mania Symptom Scores
Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) measures severity of manic symptoms. The sum of the ratings for 7 symptoms of mania is measured on a scale of 0-4 and the sumof 4 symptoms of mania is measured on a scale of 0-8 to yield a total score ranging from 0-60, with 0 meaning no manic symptoms and 60 meaning severe manic symptoms. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline & at 2, 4, 6 & 8 Weeks during open-label phase 1 and every 2 weeks up to 24 weeks during open label phase 2
| Intervention | units on a scale (Median) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline YMRS | 2 weeks YMRS | 4 weeks YMRS | 6 weeks YMRS | 8 weeks YMRS | 10 weeks YMRS | 12 weeks YMRS | 14 weeks YMRS | 16 weeks YMRS | 18 weeks YMRS | 20 weeks YMRS | 22 weeks YMRS | 24 weeks YMRS | |
| First Open Label DCS | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Second Open Label DCS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Mania Symptom Scores
Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) measures severity of manic symptoms. The sum of the ratings for 7 symptoms of mania is measured on a scale of 0-4 and the sumof 4 symptoms of mania is measured on a scale of 0-8 to yield a total score ranging from 0-60, with 0 meaning no manic symptoms and 60 meaning severe manic symptoms. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline, 2, 4, & 6 weeks (crossover periods)
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline YMRS for first intervention | 2 weeks YMRS for first intervention | 4 weeks YMRS for first intervention | 6 weeks YMRS for first intervention | Baseline YMRS for second intervention | 2 weeks YMRS for second intervention | 4 weeks YMRS for second intervention | 6 weeks YMRS for second intervention | |
| DCS First, Then Placebo | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Placebo First, Then DCS | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Neurocognitive Function
Scores on each of 8 domains of cognitive function (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning/problem solving, social cognition, overall composite). Scores are T scores ranging from 0-100, with 50 representing the mean for a population based on a normal distribution, standard deviation of 10. Higher scores signify better functioning. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8 of open-label DCS treatment
| Intervention | T scores (Median) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Processing Speed | Baseline Attention/Vigilance | Baseline Working Memory | Baseline Verbal Learning | Baseline Visual Learning | Baseline Reasoning/Problem Solving | Baseline Social Cognition | Baseline Overall Composite Score | Week 8 of open-label DCS Processing Speed | Week 8 of open-label DCS Attention/Vigilance | Week 8 of open-label DCS Working Memory | Week 8 of open-label DCS Verbal Learning | Week 8 of open-label DCS Visual Learning | Week 8 of open-label DCS Reasoning/Problem Solving | Week 8 of open-label DCS Social Cognition | Week 8 of open-label DCS Overall Composite Score | |
| Open Label DCS | 48.5 | 44.5 | 38.5 | 54 | 50.5 | 52.5 | 48 | 46.5 | 52.5 | 47.5 | 50.5 | 43.5 | 54.5 | 66.5 | 44.5 | 51.5 |
Positive and Negative Symptom Scores
Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) measures positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The sum of ratings for seven positive symptoms is measured on a scale from 7-49 with 7 meaning no symptoms and 49 meaning severe symptoms.The sum of ratings for seven negative symptoms is measured on a scale from 7-49 with 7 meaning no symptoms and 49 meaning severe symptoms. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline & at 2, 4, 6 & 8 Weeks during open-label phase 1 and every 2 weeks up to 24 weeks during open label phase 2
| Intervention | units on a scale (Median) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline positive | Baseline negative | 2 weeks positive | 2 weeks negative | 4 weeks positive | 4 weeks negative | 6 weeks positive | 6 weeks negative | 8 weeks positive | 8 weeks negative | 10 weeks positive | 10 weeks negative | 12 weeks positive | 12 weeks negative | 14 weeks positive | 14 weeks negative | 16 weeks positive | 16 weeks negative | 18 weeks positive | 18 weeks negative | 20 weeks positive | 20 weeks negative | 22 weeks positive | 22 weeks negative | 24 weeks positive | 24 weeks negative | |
| First Open Label DCS | 14.5 | 14.5 | 10 | 12 | 10.5 | 12 | 9 | 12 | 9 | 12 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Second Open Label DCS | 11 | 14 | 11 | 14 | 10.5 | 13.5 | 9 | 13 | 9.5 | 12 | 10.5 | 13 | 11 | 12 | 10 | 12 | 10.5 | 12 | 10.5 | 12 | 10.5 | 12 | 9.5 | 12 | 10 | 12 |
Positive and Negative Symptom Scores
Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) measures positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The sum of ratings for seven positive symptoms is measured on a scale from 7-49 with 7 meaning no symptoms and 49 meaning severe symptoms.The sum of ratings for seven negative symptoms is measured on a scale from 7-49 with 7 meaning no symptoms and 49 meaning severe symptoms. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline, 2, 4, & 6 weeks (crossover periods)
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline positive for first intervention | Baseline negative symptoms for first intervention | 2 weeks positive for first intervention | 2 weeks negative for first intervention | 4 weeks positive for first intervention | 4 weeks negative for first intervention | 6 weeks positive for first intervention | 6 weeks negative for first intervention | Baseline positive for second intervention | Baseline negative for second intervention | 2 weeks positive for second intervention | 2 weeks negative for second intervention | 4 weeks positive for second intervention | 4 weeks negative for second intervention | 6 weeks positive for second intervention | 6 weeks negative for second intervention | |
| DCS First, Then Placebo | 10 | 15 | 10 | 15 | 10 | 15 | 10 | 15 | 15 | 18 | 15 | 18 | 15 | 18 | 14 | 18 |
| Placebo First, Then DCS | 11 | 9 | 12 | 15 | 11 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 10 | 11 | 9 | 11 | 9 | 11 |
Reviews
2 reviews available for glycine and Depression
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
GLYX-13, an NMDA receptor glycine site functional partial agonist enhances cognition and produces antidepressant effects without the psychotomimetic side effects of NMDA receptor antagonists.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Cognition; Depression; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Glycine; Huma | 2014 |
Neurologic manifestations of acute porphyria.
Topics: Acute Disease; Aminolevulinic Acid; Animals; Central Nervous System; Depression; Electrophysiology; | 1982 |
Trials
3 trials available for glycine and Depression
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Succinate-based preparation alleviates manifestations of the climacteric syndrome in women.
Topics: Adult; alpha-Tocopherol; Anxiety; Blood Glucose; Climacteric; Depression; Female; Food Additives; Fu | 2005 |
Monoamine oxidase A and B activities in heavy smokers.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Adult; Aged; Blood Platelets; Blood Pressure; Cotinine; Depression; | 1995 |
Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of glycine adjuvant therapy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Brain; Cross-Over Studies; Depression; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therap | 1996 |
Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of glycine adjuvant therapy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Brain; Cross-Over Studies; Depression; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therap | 1996 |
Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of glycine adjuvant therapy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Brain; Cross-Over Studies; Depression; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therap | 1996 |
Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of glycine adjuvant therapy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Brain; Cross-Over Studies; Depression; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therap | 1996 |
Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of glycine adjuvant therapy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Brain; Cross-Over Studies; Depression; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therap | 1996 |
Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of glycine adjuvant therapy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Brain; Cross-Over Studies; Depression; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therap | 1996 |
Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of glycine adjuvant therapy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Brain; Cross-Over Studies; Depression; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therap | 1996 |
Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of glycine adjuvant therapy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Brain; Cross-Over Studies; Depression; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therap | 1996 |
Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of glycine adjuvant therapy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Brain; Cross-Over Studies; Depression; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therap | 1996 |
Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of glycine adjuvant therapy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Brain; Cross-Over Studies; Depression; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therap | 1996 |
Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of glycine adjuvant therapy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Brain; Cross-Over Studies; Depression; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therap | 1996 |
Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of glycine adjuvant therapy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Brain; Cross-Over Studies; Depression; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therap | 1996 |
Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of glycine adjuvant therapy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Brain; Cross-Over Studies; Depression; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therap | 1996 |
Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of glycine adjuvant therapy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Brain; Cross-Over Studies; Depression; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therap | 1996 |
Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of glycine adjuvant therapy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Brain; Cross-Over Studies; Depression; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therap | 1996 |
Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of glycine adjuvant therapy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Brain; Cross-Over Studies; Depression; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therap | 1996 |
Other Studies
17 other studies available for glycine and Depression
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
The Utility of Amino Acid Metabolites in the Diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder and Correlations with Depression Severity.
Topics: Amino Acids; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Glutamic Acid; Glyci | 2023 |
Simultaneous measurement of amino acid enantiomers in the serum of late-life depression patients using convenient LC-MS/MS method with N
Topics: Amino Acids; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Depression; Dinitrobenzen | 2023 |
FG-4592 Improves Depressive-Like Behaviors through HIF-1-Mediated Neurogenesis and Synapse Plasticity in Rats.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Behavior, Animal; Depression; Glycine; Hippocampus; Hypoxia-Inducibl | 2020 |
Feature of Heart Rate Variability and Metabolic Mechanism in Female College Students with Depression.
Topics: Adolescent; Autonomic Nervous System; Depression; Fatigue; Female; Glycine; Heart Rate; Humans; Meta | 2020 |
Developmental exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide and depressive-like behavior in adult offspring: Implication of glutamate excitotoxicity and oxidative stress.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Age Factors; Animals; Astrocytes; Behavior, Animal; Binding Sites; Cholinergic | 2017 |
Activation of glycine receptors in the lateral habenula rescues anxiety- and depression-like behaviors associated with alcohol withdrawal and reduces alcohol intake in rats.
Topics: Action Potentials; Alcohol Drinking; Animals; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Depression; Glycine; Habenu | 2019 |
Contribution of skeletal muscular glycine to rapid antidepressant effects of ketamine in an inflammation-induced mouse model of depression.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Glycine; Inflammation; Ketamine; | 2019 |
[1H NMR based metabonomics study on the antidepressant effect of genipin in rat hippocampus].
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Aspartic Acid; Behavior, Animal; Chronic Disease; Depressio | 2014 |
Cognitive impairment induced by permanent bilateral common carotid occlusion exacerbates depression-related behavioral, biochemical, immunological and neuronal markers.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Carotid Artery Diseases; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cognit | 2015 |
Increased serum levels of serine enantiomers in patients with depression.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Depression; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Huma | 2016 |
Elucidating the genetics and pathology of Perry syndrome.
Topics: Adult; Age of Onset; Aged; Animals; Brain; Chlorocebus aethiops; COS Cells; Depression; DNA-Binding | 2010 |
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) in the treatment of depression.
Topics: Depression; Depressive Disorder; Glycine; Humans | 1945 |
Ca2+ antagonists effect an antidepressant-like adaptation of the NMDA receptor complex.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Binding Sites; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cerebral Cortex; Depression | 1993 |
Preliminary investigation of high-dose oral glycine on serum levels and negative symptoms in schizophrenia: an open-label trial.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Depression; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dru | 1996 |
Effect of glutamine or glycine containing oral electrolyte solutions on mucosal morphology, clinical and biochemical findings, in calves with viral induced diarrhea.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Depression; Diarrhea; Electrolytes; Feces; Fluid Therapy; Glutamin | 1997 |
Deserpidine antagonism by a tripeptide, L-prolyl-L-leucyglycinamide.
Topics: Animals; Depression; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Dru | 1973 |
-cyanoamino acids and related nitriles as inhibitors of glutamate decarboxylase.
Topics: Acetates; Amino Acids; Aminobutyrates; Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Carboxy-Lyases; Chickens; Cyanides; | 1971 |