clonidine and Pain
clonidine has been researched along with Pain in 318 studies
Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.
clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.
Pain: An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.
Research Excerpts
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "Background and Purpose- Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) is an effective treatment for managing patients with severe poststroke spasticity, who can experience continued pain and decline in their quality of life (QoL)." | 9.27 | Effect of Intrathecal Baclofen on Pain and Quality of Life in Poststroke Spasticity. ( Abouihia, A; Calabrese, A; Cloud, G; Creamer, M; Francisco, GE; Kossmehl, P; Saltuari, L; Ward, AB; Wissel, J; Yochelson, M; Zampolini, M, 2018) |
| "This double-blind randomized controlled study was designed to evaluate the analgesic effects of topical treatments with clonidine (CLON) and pentoxifylline (PTX) tested alone or as low- and high-dose combinations in a human experimental model of pain." | 9.22 | Effects of topical combinations of clonidine and pentoxifylline on capsaicin-induced allodynia and postcapsaicin tourniquet-induced pain in healthy volunteers: a double-blind, randomized, controlled study. ( Bennett, GJ; Bley, K; Coderre, TJ; Gandhi, W; Laferrière, A; Ragavendran, JV; Schweinhardt, P; Ware, MA, 2016) |
| "We investigated pain evoked activity in the human secondary sensory cortex (SII) following clonidine administration in six healthy volunteers using multi-channel magnetoencephalography (MEG)." | 9.12 | Clonidine effects on pain evoked SII activity in humans. ( Bischoff, P; Bromm, B; Hauck, M; Lorenz, J; Morrow, TJ; Schmidt, G; Zimmermann, R, 2006) |
| "To evaluate the effects of clonidine and ephedrine on propofol-induced pain and on hemodynamic changes during the induction sequence." | 9.12 | Clonidine-ephedrine combination reduces pain on injection of propofol and blunts hemodynamic stress responses during the induction sequence. ( Fukushima, H; Furuya, A; Ishiyama, T; Kashimoto, S; Kumazawa, T; Oguchi, T, 2006) |
| "Clonidine premedication prevents tourniquet pain and reduces sympathetic nerve activity." | 9.11 | Oral clonidine premedication exacerbates hypotension following tourniquet deflation by inhibiting noradrenaline release. ( Hongo, T; Kim, C; Kobayashi, N; Maruyama, K; Ogawa, R; Takeda, S, 2004) |
| "It was possible to reduce the infiltration pain of local anesthetic during epidural catheterization by oral administration of 3 mg of tizanidine as premedication." | 9.11 | Effect of oral tizanidine on local-anesthetic infiltration pain during epidural catheterization. ( Imanaga, K; Inoue, T; Ogawa, R; Wajima, Z, 2004) |
| "Clonidine is frequently added to opioids in implantable intrathecal pumps for the management of chronic pain." | 9.11 | Stability of clonidine in clonidine-hydromorphone mixture from implanted intrathecal infusion pumps in chronic pain patients. ( Dunn, E; McCartney, C; Peng, P; Rudich, Z, 2004) |
| "To evaluate the effectiveness of intrathecal clonidine or clonidine/opioid admixture for the treatment of chronic pain states, a retrospective chart audit of 15 patients seen by the Pain Medicine and Neurosurgical Services was performed." | 9.10 | Long-term outcomes during treatment of chronic pain with intrathecal clonidine or clonidine/opioid combinations. ( Ackerman, LL; Follett, KA; Rosenquist, RW, 2003) |
| "Clonidine is approved in the US for epidural administration in the treatment of intractable neuropathic cancer pain, but is also administered intrathecally for this indication and both epidurally and intrathecally in the treatment of acute, postoperative pain." | 9.09 | Relative potency of epidural to intrathecal clonidine differs between acute thermal pain and capsaicin-induced allodynia. ( Curry, R; Eisenach, JC; Hood, DD, 2000) |
| "We performed a double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial in 15 patients to determine the efficacy of intrathecal morphine or clonidine, alone or combined, in the treatment of neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury." | 9.09 | The efficacy of intrathecal morphine and clonidine in the treatment of pain after spinal cord injury. ( Cousins, MJ; Mather, LE; Molloy, AR; Rutkowski, SB; Siddall, PJ; Walker, S, 2000) |
| " Treatment with tizanidine resulted in a significant improvement in pain intensity (P=0." | 9.09 | Open-label dose-titration safety and efficacy study of tizanidine hydrochloride in the treatment of spasticity associated with chronic stroke. ( Dromerick, A; Gelber, DA; Good, DC; Richardson, M; Sergay, S, 2001) |
| "We examined the analgesic effects of orally administered clonidine on pain induced by injection of propofol (Diprivan; 2,6-diisopropyl phenol)." | 9.09 | Orally administered clonidine significantly reduces pain during injection of propofol. ( Inoue, T; Ogawa, R; Ogura, A; Wajima, Z; Yoshikawa, T, 2001) |
| "Twenty patients with chronic pain who previously had obtained analgesia from epidural clonidine and lignocaine agreed to participate in a double-blind crossover study of lumbar epidural clonidine (150 micrograms), lignocaine (40 mg) and the combination of clonidine (150 microgram) and lignocaine (40 mg), all drugs were given in a volume of 3 ml." | 9.08 | A double-blind randomised comparison of the effects of epidural clonidine, lignocaine and the combination of clonidine and lignocaine in patients with chronic pain. ( Glynn, C; O'Sullivan, K, 1996) |
| " Clonidine significantly decreased pain rating after electrical stimulation at L1-L4 and sensitivity to pinprick and cold at L1-L4-S1, increased pressure pain tolerance threshold at S1, and increased thresholds after single and repeated stimulation of the sural nerve." | 9.08 | Epidural epinephrine and clonidine: segmental analgesia and effects on different pain modalities. ( Arendt-Nielsen, L; Curatolo, M; Petersen-Felix, S; Zbinden, AM, 1997) |
| "Clonidine is approved for intraspinal administration in the treatment of neuropathic cancer pain." | 9.08 | Intrathecal, but not intravenous, clonidine reduces experimental thermal or capsaicin-induced pain and hyperalgesia in normal volunteers. ( Curry, R; Eisenach, JC; Hood, DD, 1998) |
| "Clonidine, but not placebo, caused pain relief, sedation, and decreased blood pressure and heart rate after bolus epidural injection." | 9.07 | Epidural clonidine treatment for refractory reflex sympathetic dystrophy. ( Eisenach, JC; Jackson, K; Rauck, RL; Southern, J; Young, LD, 1993) |
| "In a randomized, double-blind, 2-period crossover study, 24 patients with pain due to diabetic polyneuropathy received transdermal clonidine, 0." | 9.07 | Transdermal clonidine versus placebo in painful diabetic neuropathy. ( Benjamin, J; Lynch, SA; Max, MB; Muir, J; Zeigler, D, 1992) |
| "In order to assess the effect of spinal clonidine on tourniquet pain, 30 patients scheduled to undergo orthopaedic surgery under spinal anaesthesia were allocated randomly to two groups." | 9.06 | Prevention of tourniquet pain by spinal isobaric bupivacaine with clonidine. ( Belon, M; Boico, O; Bonnet, F; Diallo, A; Guilbaud, M; Saada, M, 1989) |
| "In a randomised double-blind study of 20 patients with chronic pain, epidural morphine 5 mg in 5 ml of saline was compared with epidural clonidine 150 micrograms in 5 ml of saline." | 9.06 | A double-blind comparison between epidural morphine and epidural clonidine in patients with chronic non-cancer pain. ( Dawson, D; Glynn, C; Sanders, R, 1988) |
| "Despite weak evidence, clonidine may be a useful adjunct in epidural or spinal morphine therapy of cancer pain." | 8.84 | [Clonidine in the treatment of cancer pain]. ( Nielsen, JB; Sjøgren, P, 2008) |
| "Sprague-Dawley rats were used to test the analgesic effect of pentazocine and neostigmine using the paw formalin pain model and the incision mechanical allodynia model." | 8.12 | Antinociceptive Effects and Interaction Mechanisms of Intrathecal Pentazocine and Neostigmine in Two Different Pain Models in Rats. ( Bai, X; Guo, J; Huang, H; Ouyang, H; Wu, S; Zhang, K, 2022) |
| "Clonidine was successful in reducing pain related distress and facilitating adherence to the penicillin regimen." | 7.96 | Clonidine for pain-related distress in Aboriginal children on a penicillin regimen to prevent recurrence of rheumatic fever. ( Atkinson, N; Cook, J; Kelly, J; Mitchell, A; Ralph, AP; Remenyi, B; Spain, B; Wade, V, 2020) |
| "Our data indicate that IV dexmedetomidine exerts pronounced antinociception against CRD-induced visceral pain and suggest that the antinociceptive effect of dexmedotimidine is mediated in part by opioid receptors, but peripheral alpha(2)-ARs are not involved." | 7.75 | The antinociceptive effects of intravenous dexmedetomidine in colorectal distension-induced visceral pain in rats: the role of opioid receptors. ( Bilge, SS; Bostanci, MO; Bozkurt, A; Ciftcioglu, E; Dilek, A; Güldogus, F; Ilkaya, F; Ulger, F, 2009) |
| "To investigate the effects of intrathecal escin and clonidine, used alone or in combination, in the treatment of neuropathic pain in rats and the possible mechanism." | 7.75 | [Effects of intrathecal escin and clonidine in the treatment of neuropathic pain in rats]. ( Chen, CY; Huang, Y; Qing, ZH; Wang, B; Yao, XH; Zhou, P, 2009) |
| " For their positive morphine analgesia modulation (due to alpha(2C)-AR stimulation) and sedation overcoming (due to alpha(2A)-AR antagonism), 8 and 11 might be useful as adjuvant agents in the management of pain with morphine." | 7.75 | Might adrenergic alpha2C-agonists/alpha2A-antagonists become novel therapeutic tools for pain treatment with morphine? ( Bruzzone, A; Cardinaletti, C; Del Bello, F; Ghelfi, F; Giannella, M; Mattioli, L; Paris, H; Perfumi, M; Piergentili, A; Pigini, M; Quaglia, W, 2009) |
| "To investigate the effects of intrathecal ouabain and tizanidine injection for treatment of neuropathic pain in rats." | 7.74 | [Effects of intrathecal ouabain and tizanidine injection for treatment of neuropathic pain in rats]. ( He, WX; Li, Q; Lin, LL; Liu, XG; Ou-Yang, HD; Wang, PZ; Zeng, WA; Zhang, ZQ, 2008) |
| "Clonidine can effectively reduce pain and/or hypersensitivity." | 7.74 | Effects of topical application of clonidine cream on pain behaviors and spinal Fos protein expression in rat models of neuropathic pain, postoperative pain, and inflammatory pain. ( Arita, H; Hanaoka, K; Hayashida, M; Li, C; Sawamura, S; Sekiyama, H; Sumida, T; Takeda, K; Yamada, Y, 2007) |
| "We studied whether peripheral alpha2-adrenergic receptors are involved in the antihyperalgesic effects of oxcarbazepine by examining the effects of yohimbine (selective alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist), BRL 44408 (selective alpha(2A)-adrenoceptor antagonist), MK-912 (selective alpha2C-adrenoceptor antagonist), and clonidine (alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist) on the antihyperalgesic effect of oxcarbazepine in the rat model of inflammatory pain." | 7.74 | The involvement of peripheral alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the antihyperalgesic effect of oxcarbazepine in a rat model of inflammatory pain. ( Bosković, B; Paranos, SLj; Prostran, MS; Stepanović-Petrović, RM; Tomić, MA; Ugresić, ND; Vucković, SM, 2007) |
| "These data indicate for the first time that the clonidine-induced increase in punctuate mechanical threshold is mediated via the activation of all but M2 muscarinic receptor subtypes, and via the activation of alpha4beta2 but not alpha7 nicotinic receptor subtypes in a rodent model for human postoperative pain." | 7.73 | Spinal muscarinic and nicotinic subtypes activated by clonidine in postincisional pain. ( Boselli, E; Chassard, D; Duflo, F; Ryvlin, P, 2005) |
| "Intrathecal clonidine reduces tactile allodynia in animal models of neuropathic pain, and this effect is blocked by atropine." | 7.72 | Plasticity in action of intrathecal clonidine to mechanical but not thermal nociception after peripheral nerve injury. ( Conklin, D; Eisenach, JC; Paqueron, X, 2003) |
| "We investigated the interaction between spinally administered bupivacaine and clonidine using an animal model of acute and inflammatory pain." | 7.72 | Intrathecal clonidine and bupivacaine have synergistic analgesia for acute thermally or inflammatory-induced pain in rats. ( Hanaoka, K; Nishiyama, T, 2004) |
| "Intrathecally administered alpha2-adrenergic receptor subtype-specific antagonists were used to determine which alpha2-adrenergic receptor subtype mediates the analgesic effect of intrathecally administered tizanidine in a chronic constriction injury (CCI) rat model of neuropathic pain." | 7.72 | Alpha2-adrenergic receptor subtype specificity of intrathecally administered tizanidine used for analgesia for neuropathic pain. ( Dills, CV; Leiphart, JW; Levy, RM, 2004) |
| "To report a case of possible clonidine-induced hypertension (by Naranjo score) in a patient with a C4 spinal lesion." | 7.71 | Clonidine-induced hypertension in a patient with a spinal lesion. ( Backo, AL; Clause, SL; Gibbs, KA; Triller, DM, 2002) |
| "Spinally-administered midazolam, a benzodiazepine, and clonidine, an alpha2-adrenergic receptor agonist, have significant synergistic effects on thermally-induced acute and formalin-induced inflammatory pain." | 7.71 | The synergistic interaction between midazolam and clonidine in spinally-mediated analgesia in two different pain models of rats. ( Hanaoka, K; Nishiyama, T, 2001) |
| "Intrathecal administration of alpha(2) adrenergic agonists, such as clonidine, is capable of alleviating neuropathic pain." | 7.70 | Role of spinal muscarinic and nicotinic receptors in clonidine-induced nitric oxide release in a rat model of neuropathic pain. ( Chen, SR; Eisenach, J; Pan, HL; Xu, Z, 2000) |
| " We describe a case of chronic pain following SCI which failed to respond to a variety of approaches including intrathecal administration of morphine." | 7.69 | Intrathecal morphine and clonidine in the management of spinal cord injury pain: a case report. ( Cousins, MJ; Gray, M; Rutkowski, S; Siddall, PJ, 1994) |
| "The aim of the present study was to investigate whether clonidine and morphine interact positively to produce analgesia against the low intensity tonic pain represented by the formalin model in rats." | 7.69 | Morphine, clonidine coadministration in subanalgesic doses: effective control of tonic pain. ( Gurtu, S; Mukerjee, D; Shukla, S, 1994) |
| "To assess the benefit of ketamine addition to a morphine-clonidine-lidocaine mixture administered continuously by the intrathecal route for the treatment of cancer pain." | 7.69 | [Cancer pain: beneficial effect of ketamine addition to spinal administration of morphine-clonidine-lidocaine mixture]. ( Lemos, D; Muller, A, 1996) |
| "The effect of intrathecal morphine (MO) and the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists clonidine (CLON) and dexmedetomidine on self-mutilation (autotomy), a behavior that may indicate the presence of neuropathic pain, has been examined in rats." | 7.68 | The differential effects of morphine and the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists clonidine and dexmedetomidine on the prevention and treatment of experimental neuropathic pain. ( Puke, MJ; Wiesenfeld-Hallin, Z, 1993) |
| "Clonidine was administered by epidural injections with per os relay and long term therapeutic follow-up to 38 patients with deafferentation neurological sequellar pain either fully or partly intractable to classical pain treatments." | 7.67 | [Thoracolumbar or sacral epidural administration of clonidine in deafferentation pain: possibilities, limits and long-term follow-up]. ( Farcot, JM; Grasser, C; Mercky, F, 1989) |
| "A case is reported in which spinal intrathecal administration of clonidine produced pain." | 7.67 | Pain after spinal intrathecal clonidine. An adverse interaction with tricyclic antidepressants? ( Hardy, PA; Wells, JC, 1988) |
| "The use of clonidine in the management of opiate abstinence is presented in a patient dependent upon levorphanol tartrate given for chronic pain." | 7.66 | The use of clonidine for management of opiate abstinence in a chronic pain patient. ( Bakris, GL; Cross, PD; Hammarsten, JE, 1982) |
| "Pain was not different in the two groups after tourniquet release." | 6.69 | Adding clonidine to lidocaine for intravenous regional anesthesia prevents tourniquet pain. ( Bernard, JM; Bonnet, F; Gentili, M, 1999) |
| "Tizanidine is a well-tolerated and effective drug for symptomatic treatment of spasticity." | 6.67 | A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of tizanidine in the treatment of spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis. United Kingdom Tizanidine Trial Group. ( , 1994) |
| "Clonidine is an agonist at the alpha2-adrenergic receptor that has been in clinical use for over 40 years." | 6.47 | Clonidine: clinical pharmacology and therapeutic use in pain management. ( Neil, MJ, 2011) |
| " Compared with midazolam, dexmedetomidine was favorable in reducing both emergence delirium and pain in the postoperative care unit, and both clonidine and dexmedetomidine reduced anxiety in the postoperative care unit." | 5.69 | Postoperative recovery in preschool-aged children: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial comparing premedication with midazolam, clonidine, and dexmedetomidine. ( Bromfalk, Å; Engström, Å; Hultin, M; Myrberg, T; Walldén, J, 2023) |
| " In the mouse formalin test, DBV injection produced a dramatic leftward shift in the dose-response curve for clonidine-induced analgesia." | 5.35 | Acupoint stimulation with diluted bee venom (apipuncture) potentiates the analgesic effect of intrathecal clonidine in the rodent formalin test and in a neuropathic pain model. ( Beitz, AJ; Han, HJ; Kim, HW; Kwon, YB; Lee, HJ; Lee, JH; Roh, DH; Seo, HS; Yoon, SY, 2009) |
| "The clonidine response was inhibited by yohimbine (0." | 5.32 | Clonidine and guanfacine-induced antinociception in visceral pain: possible role of alpha 2/I2 binding sites. ( Hosseini, AR; Khansefid, N; Sabetkasaie, M; Sadat Ladgevardi, MA; Vala, S, 2004) |
| "CFA injection resulted in significant thermal hyperalgesia throughout the four days of observation." | 5.31 | Intrathecal clonidine decreases spinal nitric oxide release in a rat model of complete Freund's adjuvant induced inflammatory pain. ( Cheng, JT; Chuang, YC; Lin, CR; Wang, CJ; Yang, LC, 2002) |
| "Clonidine was found to be highly effective in arthritic animals, even at the lower concentration: the elevation in threshold produced by 30 micrograms/kg i." | 5.28 | Potent antinociceptive effects of clonidine systemically administered in an experimental model of clinical pain, the arthritic rat. ( Besson, JM; Guilbaud, G; Kayser, V, 1992) |
| "Evidence suggests that the pain and hyperalgesia in SMP are related to activation of peripheral adrenergic receptors." | 5.28 | Topical application of clonidine relieves hyperalgesia in patients with sympathetically maintained pain. ( Campbell, JN; Davis, KD; Meyer, RA; Raja, SN; Treede, RD, 1991) |
| "Background and Purpose- Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) is an effective treatment for managing patients with severe poststroke spasticity, who can experience continued pain and decline in their quality of life (QoL)." | 5.27 | Effect of Intrathecal Baclofen on Pain and Quality of Life in Poststroke Spasticity. ( Abouihia, A; Calabrese, A; Cloud, G; Creamer, M; Francisco, GE; Kossmehl, P; Saltuari, L; Ward, AB; Wissel, J; Yochelson, M; Zampolini, M, 2018) |
| "Clonidine therapy was used to alleviate symptoms of narcotic analgesic withdrawal." | 5.27 | Narcotic bowel syndrome treated with clonidine. Resolution of abdominal pain and intestinal pseudo-obstruction. ( Greenberger, NJ; McPhee, MS; Sandgren, JE, 1984) |
| "This double-blind randomized controlled study was designed to evaluate the analgesic effects of topical treatments with clonidine (CLON) and pentoxifylline (PTX) tested alone or as low- and high-dose combinations in a human experimental model of pain." | 5.22 | Effects of topical combinations of clonidine and pentoxifylline on capsaicin-induced allodynia and postcapsaicin tourniquet-induced pain in healthy volunteers: a double-blind, randomized, controlled study. ( Bennett, GJ; Bley, K; Coderre, TJ; Gandhi, W; Laferrière, A; Ragavendran, JV; Schweinhardt, P; Ware, MA, 2016) |
| "After 50 µg clonidine or 5 mg bupivacaine, the heat pain tolerance increased by ∼1°C, similar to the analgesic effect of 5 mg epidural morphine or 30 µg epidural fentanyl in previous studies using this experimental heat pain model." | 5.17 | Analgesic and sympatholytic effects of low-dose intrathecal clonidine compared with bupivacaine: a dose-response study in female volunteers. ( Angst, MS; Ginosar, Y; Riley, ET, 2013) |
| " However, the incidence of nocturnal enuresis, urgency attacks, and daytime incontinence were significantly reduced compared with baseline in the tizanidine group (P=." | 5.16 | Doxazosin versus tizanidine for treatment of dysfunctional voiding in children: a prospective randomized open-labeled trial. ( Dawaba, M; El-Assmy, MM; El-Hefnawy, AS; Hafez, AT; Helmy, T; Sarhan, O, 2012) |
| "We investigated pain evoked activity in the human secondary sensory cortex (SII) following clonidine administration in six healthy volunteers using multi-channel magnetoencephalography (MEG)." | 5.12 | Clonidine effects on pain evoked SII activity in humans. ( Bischoff, P; Bromm, B; Hauck, M; Lorenz, J; Morrow, TJ; Schmidt, G; Zimmermann, R, 2006) |
| "To evaluate the effects of clonidine and ephedrine on propofol-induced pain and on hemodynamic changes during the induction sequence." | 5.12 | Clonidine-ephedrine combination reduces pain on injection of propofol and blunts hemodynamic stress responses during the induction sequence. ( Fukushima, H; Furuya, A; Ishiyama, T; Kashimoto, S; Kumazawa, T; Oguchi, T, 2006) |
| "The addition of clonidine to local anaesthetics enhances pain relief after peripheral nerve block, but the site of action is unproven." | 5.11 | Clonidine added to bupivacaine enhances and prolongs analgesia after brachial plexus block via a local mechanism in healthy volunteers. ( Eichler, HG; Fleck, T; Hutschala, D; Klimscha, W; Mascher, H; Schmetterer, L; Tschernko, EM, 2004) |
| "Clonidine premedication prevents tourniquet pain and reduces sympathetic nerve activity." | 5.11 | Oral clonidine premedication exacerbates hypotension following tourniquet deflation by inhibiting noradrenaline release. ( Hongo, T; Kim, C; Kobayashi, N; Maruyama, K; Ogawa, R; Takeda, S, 2004) |
| "It was possible to reduce the infiltration pain of local anesthetic during epidural catheterization by oral administration of 3 mg of tizanidine as premedication." | 5.11 | Effect of oral tizanidine on local-anesthetic infiltration pain during epidural catheterization. ( Imanaga, K; Inoue, T; Ogawa, R; Wajima, Z, 2004) |
| "Clonidine is frequently added to opioids in implantable intrathecal pumps for the management of chronic pain." | 5.11 | Stability of clonidine in clonidine-hydromorphone mixture from implanted intrathecal infusion pumps in chronic pain patients. ( Dunn, E; McCartney, C; Peng, P; Rudich, Z, 2004) |
| "To evaluate the effectiveness of intrathecal clonidine or clonidine/opioid admixture for the treatment of chronic pain states, a retrospective chart audit of 15 patients seen by the Pain Medicine and Neurosurgical Services was performed." | 5.10 | Long-term outcomes during treatment of chronic pain with intrathecal clonidine or clonidine/opioid combinations. ( Ackerman, LL; Follett, KA; Rosenquist, RW, 2003) |
| "Clonidine is approved in the US for epidural administration in the treatment of intractable neuropathic cancer pain, but is also administered intrathecally for this indication and both epidurally and intrathecally in the treatment of acute, postoperative pain." | 5.09 | Relative potency of epidural to intrathecal clonidine differs between acute thermal pain and capsaicin-induced allodynia. ( Curry, R; Eisenach, JC; Hood, DD, 2000) |
| "We performed a double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial in 15 patients to determine the efficacy of intrathecal morphine or clonidine, alone or combined, in the treatment of neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury." | 5.09 | The efficacy of intrathecal morphine and clonidine in the treatment of pain after spinal cord injury. ( Cousins, MJ; Mather, LE; Molloy, AR; Rutkowski, SB; Siddall, PJ; Walker, S, 2000) |
| " Treatment with tizanidine resulted in a significant improvement in pain intensity (P=0." | 5.09 | Open-label dose-titration safety and efficacy study of tizanidine hydrochloride in the treatment of spasticity associated with chronic stroke. ( Dromerick, A; Gelber, DA; Good, DC; Richardson, M; Sergay, S, 2001) |
| "We examined the analgesic effects of orally administered clonidine on pain induced by injection of propofol (Diprivan; 2,6-diisopropyl phenol)." | 5.09 | Orally administered clonidine significantly reduces pain during injection of propofol. ( Inoue, T; Ogawa, R; Ogura, A; Wajima, Z; Yoshikawa, T, 2001) |
| "Twenty patients with chronic pain who previously had obtained analgesia from epidural clonidine and lignocaine agreed to participate in a double-blind crossover study of lumbar epidural clonidine (150 micrograms), lignocaine (40 mg) and the combination of clonidine (150 microgram) and lignocaine (40 mg), all drugs were given in a volume of 3 ml." | 5.08 | A double-blind randomised comparison of the effects of epidural clonidine, lignocaine and the combination of clonidine and lignocaine in patients with chronic pain. ( Glynn, C; O'Sullivan, K, 1996) |
| "We investigated the influence of preanesthetic medication on the pain relieving effect of the lidocaine tape during needle insertion for venous cannulation." | 5.08 | [Influence of preanesthetic medication on the effect of a local anesthetic tape]. ( Horikawa, Y; Kagawa, T; Kondo, M; Obara, H; Ohnishi, H, 1997) |
| " Clonidine significantly decreased pain rating after electrical stimulation at L1-L4 and sensitivity to pinprick and cold at L1-L4-S1, increased pressure pain tolerance threshold at S1, and increased thresholds after single and repeated stimulation of the sural nerve." | 5.08 | Epidural epinephrine and clonidine: segmental analgesia and effects on different pain modalities. ( Arendt-Nielsen, L; Curatolo, M; Petersen-Felix, S; Zbinden, AM, 1997) |
| "Clonidine is approved for intraspinal administration in the treatment of neuropathic cancer pain." | 5.08 | Intrathecal, but not intravenous, clonidine reduces experimental thermal or capsaicin-induced pain and hyperalgesia in normal volunteers. ( Curry, R; Eisenach, JC; Hood, DD, 1998) |
| "Clonidine, but not placebo, caused pain relief, sedation, and decreased blood pressure and heart rate after bolus epidural injection." | 5.07 | Epidural clonidine treatment for refractory reflex sympathetic dystrophy. ( Eisenach, JC; Jackson, K; Rauck, RL; Southern, J; Young, LD, 1993) |
| "In a randomized, double-blind, 2-period crossover study, 24 patients with pain due to diabetic polyneuropathy received transdermal clonidine, 0." | 5.07 | Transdermal clonidine versus placebo in painful diabetic neuropathy. ( Benjamin, J; Lynch, SA; Max, MB; Muir, J; Zeigler, D, 1992) |
| "In order to assess the effect of spinal clonidine on tourniquet pain, 30 patients scheduled to undergo orthopaedic surgery under spinal anaesthesia were allocated randomly to two groups." | 5.06 | Prevention of tourniquet pain by spinal isobaric bupivacaine with clonidine. ( Belon, M; Boico, O; Bonnet, F; Diallo, A; Guilbaud, M; Saada, M, 1989) |
| "In a randomised double-blind study of 20 patients with chronic pain, epidural morphine 5 mg in 5 ml of saline was compared with epidural clonidine 150 micrograms in 5 ml of saline." | 5.06 | A double-blind comparison between epidural morphine and epidural clonidine in patients with chronic non-cancer pain. ( Dawson, D; Glynn, C; Sanders, R, 1988) |
| "Ziconotide is a nonopioid intrathecal analgesic used to manage moderate to severe chronic pain." | 4.86 | Ziconotide combination intrathecal therapy: rationale and evidence. ( Deer, T; Rauck, RL; Wallace, MS, 2010) |
| "Multimodal therapy encompasses a wide range of procedures and medications, including regional analgesia with continuous epidural or peripheral nerve block infusions, judicious opioids, acetaminophen, anti-inflammatory agents, anticonvulsants, ketamine, clonidine, mexiletine, antidepressants, and anxiolytics as options to treat or modulate pain at various sites of action." | 4.84 | The evolution of pain management in the critically ill trauma patient: Emerging concepts from the global war on terrorism. ( Black, IH; Malchow, RJ, 2008) |
| "Despite weak evidence, clonidine may be a useful adjunct in epidural or spinal morphine therapy of cancer pain." | 4.84 | [Clonidine in the treatment of cancer pain]. ( Nielsen, JB; Sjøgren, P, 2008) |
| " Opioids are used in routinely, but alpha2-agonists, such as clonidine or cholinesterase inhibitors (neostigmine), have also been used for labour analgesia or to relieve pain following caesarean section." | 4.83 | The use of neuraxial adjuvant drugs (neostigmine, clonidine) in obstetrics. ( Roelants, F, 2006) |
| "This review has covered the five potential causes for opioid poorly responsive pain, namely (a) a loss of opioid receptors on the spinal terminals of C-fibres as a result of peripheral nerve damage, (b) an accumulation of morphine-3-glucuronide, (c) changes in the non-opioid peptides, F8Fa or CCK, either spinally or supraspinally, (d) actions of the opioid peptide dynorphin and (e) spinally generated hypersensitive states via activation of the NMDA receptor." | 4.79 | Neurophysiology of opioid poorly responsive pain. ( Dickenson, AH, 1994) |
| "The paper considers mechanisms of action and clinical efficacy of the drug sirdalud (tizanidine) in painful musculotonic syndromes." | 4.79 | [The use of sirdalud in painful muscle tonic syndromes]. ( Damulin, IV, 1997) |
| "To evaluate the duration and effect of superior hypogastric nerve block (SHNB) with ropivacaine and clonidine on postinterventional pain levels and opioid requirements in patients undergoing uterine artery embolization." | 4.31 | Postinterventional Patient Comfort After Uterine Artery Embolization and Superior Hypogastric Nerve Block. ( Binkert, CA; Najafi, A; Steffen, DA, 2023) |
| "Based on the potency ratios of clonidine and dexmedetomidine (8 to 1) we hypothesize that a lower dexmedetomidine dose would provide patients with 50 min of pain free tourniquet time." | 4.12 | A sequential allocation study to determine the ED ( Al Assadi, S; Kanazi, G; Karam, C; Zeeni, C, 2022) |
| "Sprague-Dawley rats were used to test the analgesic effect of pentazocine and neostigmine using the paw formalin pain model and the incision mechanical allodynia model." | 4.12 | Antinociceptive Effects and Interaction Mechanisms of Intrathecal Pentazocine and Neostigmine in Two Different Pain Models in Rats. ( Bai, X; Guo, J; Huang, H; Ouyang, H; Wu, S; Zhang, K, 2022) |
| "Clonidine was successful in reducing pain related distress and facilitating adherence to the penicillin regimen." | 3.96 | Clonidine for pain-related distress in Aboriginal children on a penicillin regimen to prevent recurrence of rheumatic fever. ( Atkinson, N; Cook, J; Kelly, J; Mitchell, A; Ralph, AP; Remenyi, B; Spain, B; Wade, V, 2020) |
| " In the present study, we examined whether dexmedetomidine and clonidine could inhibit the function of tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na(+) channels, which play important roles in the generation of pain." | 3.77 | Dexmedetomidine and clonidine inhibit the function of Na(v)1.7 independent of α(2)-adrenoceptor in adrenal chromaffin cells. ( Kanai, T; Maruta, T; Nemoto, T; Satoh, S; Tsuneyoshi, I; Wada, A; Yanagita, T, 2011) |
| "Our data indicate that IV dexmedetomidine exerts pronounced antinociception against CRD-induced visceral pain and suggest that the antinociceptive effect of dexmedotimidine is mediated in part by opioid receptors, but peripheral alpha(2)-ARs are not involved." | 3.75 | The antinociceptive effects of intravenous dexmedetomidine in colorectal distension-induced visceral pain in rats: the role of opioid receptors. ( Bilge, SS; Bostanci, MO; Bozkurt, A; Ciftcioglu, E; Dilek, A; Güldogus, F; Ilkaya, F; Ulger, F, 2009) |
| "To investigate the effects of intrathecal escin and clonidine, used alone or in combination, in the treatment of neuropathic pain in rats and the possible mechanism." | 3.75 | [Effects of intrathecal escin and clonidine in the treatment of neuropathic pain in rats]. ( Chen, CY; Huang, Y; Qing, ZH; Wang, B; Yao, XH; Zhou, P, 2009) |
| " For their positive morphine analgesia modulation (due to alpha(2C)-AR stimulation) and sedation overcoming (due to alpha(2A)-AR antagonism), 8 and 11 might be useful as adjuvant agents in the management of pain with morphine." | 3.75 | Might adrenergic alpha2C-agonists/alpha2A-antagonists become novel therapeutic tools for pain treatment with morphine? ( Bruzzone, A; Cardinaletti, C; Del Bello, F; Ghelfi, F; Giannella, M; Mattioli, L; Paris, H; Perfumi, M; Piergentili, A; Pigini, M; Quaglia, W, 2009) |
| "To investigate the effects of intrathecal ouabain and tizanidine injection for treatment of neuropathic pain in rats." | 3.74 | [Effects of intrathecal ouabain and tizanidine injection for treatment of neuropathic pain in rats]. ( He, WX; Li, Q; Lin, LL; Liu, XG; Ou-Yang, HD; Wang, PZ; Zeng, WA; Zhang, ZQ, 2008) |
| " The three models were benchmarked using compounds known to be active in neuropathic pain patients and nerve injury animal models, including gabapentin, amitriptyline and clonidine." | 3.74 | Transient allodynia pain models in mice for early assessment of analgesic activity. ( Cheevers, CV; Donello, JE; Gil, DW, 2008) |
| "Clonidine can effectively reduce pain and/or hypersensitivity." | 3.74 | Effects of topical application of clonidine cream on pain behaviors and spinal Fos protein expression in rat models of neuropathic pain, postoperative pain, and inflammatory pain. ( Arita, H; Hanaoka, K; Hayashida, M; Li, C; Sawamura, S; Sekiyama, H; Sumida, T; Takeda, K; Yamada, Y, 2007) |
| "We studied whether peripheral alpha2-adrenergic receptors are involved in the antihyperalgesic effects of oxcarbazepine by examining the effects of yohimbine (selective alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist), BRL 44408 (selective alpha(2A)-adrenoceptor antagonist), MK-912 (selective alpha2C-adrenoceptor antagonist), and clonidine (alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist) on the antihyperalgesic effect of oxcarbazepine in the rat model of inflammatory pain." | 3.74 | The involvement of peripheral alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the antihyperalgesic effect of oxcarbazepine in a rat model of inflammatory pain. ( Bosković, B; Paranos, SLj; Prostran, MS; Stepanović-Petrović, RM; Tomić, MA; Ugresić, ND; Vucković, SM, 2007) |
| "The chronic pain relieving effects following spinal administration of clonidine are probably connected to alpha2-adrenoreceptor-induced augmented synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) in the spinal cord." | 3.73 | Involvement of nitric oxide in clonidine-induced spinal analgesia. ( Aronov, S; Ben-Abraham, R; Givati-Divshi, D; Katz, Y, 2005) |
| "These data indicate for the first time that the clonidine-induced increase in punctuate mechanical threshold is mediated via the activation of all but M2 muscarinic receptor subtypes, and via the activation of alpha4beta2 but not alpha7 nicotinic receptor subtypes in a rodent model for human postoperative pain." | 3.73 | Spinal muscarinic and nicotinic subtypes activated by clonidine in postincisional pain. ( Boselli, E; Chassard, D; Duflo, F; Ryvlin, P, 2005) |
| " Compared with female WT mice, male WT mice exhibited higher pain thresholds and enhanced opioid (morphine) and alpha(2)-adrenergic (clonidine) receptor-induced antinociception in a spinal reflex test." | 3.72 | Contribution of GIRK2-mediated postsynaptic signaling to opiate and alpha 2-adrenergic analgesia and analgesic sex differences. ( Bader, S; Basbaum, AI; Jan, LY; Margeta-Mitrovic, M; Mitrovic, I; Stoffel, M, 2003) |
| "Neuraxial clonidine is an effective adjunct in the treatment of neuropathic pain and increases acetylcholine concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid in humans." | 3.72 | Intrathecal clonidine reduces hypersensitivity after nerve injury by a mechanism involving spinal m4 muscarinic receptors. ( Eisenach, JC; Kang, YJ, 2003) |
| " The purpose of this study was to evaluate stability and compatibility of morphine-clonidine admixtures with an implantable infusion system that is commonly used to treat pain patients." | 3.72 | Stability and compatibility of morphine-clonidine admixtures in an implantable infusion system. ( Elsberry, DD; Hassenbusch, SJ; Hildebrand, KR, 2003) |
| " Although adrenergic agonists have potent vascular effects, recent studies suggest that capsaicin-sensitive nociceptors may express adrenoceptors, suggesting that these drugs may directly modulate the function of an important class of pain-signaling neurons in peripheral tissues." | 3.72 | Adrenergic regulation of capsaicin-sensitive neurons in dental pulp. ( Bowles, WR; Hargreaves, KM; Jackson, DL, 2003) |
| "Intrathecal clonidine reduces tactile allodynia in animal models of neuropathic pain, and this effect is blocked by atropine." | 3.72 | Plasticity in action of intrathecal clonidine to mechanical but not thermal nociception after peripheral nerve injury. ( Conklin, D; Eisenach, JC; Paqueron, X, 2003) |
| "We investigated the interaction between spinally administered bupivacaine and clonidine using an animal model of acute and inflammatory pain." | 3.72 | Intrathecal clonidine and bupivacaine have synergistic analgesia for acute thermally or inflammatory-induced pain in rats. ( Hanaoka, K; Nishiyama, T, 2004) |
| " milnacipran, a monoamine reuptake inhibitor, inhibits an acute visceral pain response induced by colorectal or uterine cervical distension." | 3.72 | The monoamine reuptake inhibitor milnacipran does not affect nociception to acute visceral distension in rats. ( Eisenach, JC; Rao, SG; Shin, SW; Tong, C, 2004) |
| "Intrathecally administered alpha2-adrenergic receptor subtype-specific antagonists were used to determine which alpha2-adrenergic receptor subtype mediates the analgesic effect of intrathecally administered tizanidine in a chronic constriction injury (CCI) rat model of neuropathic pain." | 3.72 | Alpha2-adrenergic receptor subtype specificity of intrathecally administered tizanidine used for analgesia for neuropathic pain. ( Dills, CV; Leiphart, JW; Levy, RM, 2004) |
| "To report a case of possible clonidine-induced hypertension (by Naranjo score) in a patient with a C4 spinal lesion." | 3.71 | Clonidine-induced hypertension in a patient with a spinal lesion. ( Backo, AL; Clause, SL; Gibbs, KA; Triller, DM, 2002) |
| "Tizanidine, an alpha2-adrenergic receptor agonist with myospasmolytic action, is indicated for the treatment of back pain either as monotherapy or in combination with nonsteridal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)." | 3.71 | Modulation of NSAID-induced antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects by alpha2-adrenoceptor agonists with gastroprotective effects. ( Jain, NK; Kulkarni, SK; Singh, A, 2002) |
| "Spinally-administered midazolam, a benzodiazepine, and clonidine, an alpha2-adrenergic receptor agonist, have significant synergistic effects on thermally-induced acute and formalin-induced inflammatory pain." | 3.71 | The synergistic interaction between midazolam and clonidine in spinally-mediated analgesia in two different pain models of rats. ( Hanaoka, K; Nishiyama, T, 2001) |
| "Intrathecally administered clonidine increases release of spinal acetylcholine, which may be related to its analgesic action in neuropathic pain." | 3.70 | Intrathecal clonidine alleviates allodynia in neuropathic rats: interaction with spinal muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. ( Chen, SR; Eisenach, JC; Pan, HL, 1999) |
| "The present data suggest that intrathecal morphine, and to some extent clonidine, but not baclofen, alleviated the abnormal pain-related behaviors in this new rat model of partial peripheral nerve injury." | 3.70 | Effects of intrathecal morphine, clonidine and baclofen on allodynia after partial sciatic nerve injury in the rat. ( Hao, JX; Wiesenfeld-Hallin, Z; Xu, IS; Xu, XJ, 1999) |
| "Intrathecal administration of alpha(2) adrenergic agonists, such as clonidine, is capable of alleviating neuropathic pain." | 3.70 | Role of spinal muscarinic and nicotinic receptors in clonidine-induced nitric oxide release in a rat model of neuropathic pain. ( Chen, SR; Eisenach, J; Pan, HL; Xu, Z, 2000) |
| "Clonidine increased colonic and rectal compliance, and reduced tone, pain, gas sensation and rectal urgency." | 3.70 | Towards identifying optimal doses for alpha-2 adrenergic modulation of colonic and rectal motor and sensory function. ( Burton, DD; Camilleri, M; Fett, SL; Kost, L; Malcolm, A; Zinsmeister, AR, 2000) |
| ") morphine, but not the alpha 2-adrenoreceptor agonist clonidine, administered prior to sciatic nerve section, reduced the level of autotomy in rats, which is a behavioural model of neuropathic pain." | 3.69 | The effects of intrathecal morphine and clonidine on the prevention and reversal of spinal cord hyperexcitability following sciatic nerve section in the rat. ( Luo, L; Puke, CMJ; Wiesenfeld-Hallin, Z, 1994) |
| " We describe a case of chronic pain following SCI which failed to respond to a variety of approaches including intrathecal administration of morphine." | 3.69 | Intrathecal morphine and clonidine in the management of spinal cord injury pain: a case report. ( Cousins, MJ; Gray, M; Rutkowski, S; Siddall, PJ, 1994) |
| "The antinociceptive actions of morphine and tizanidine (an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist) administered intrathecally in a rat model of mononeuropathic pain were investigated." | 3.69 | A comparison of intrathecally administered narcotic and nonnarcotic analgesics for experimental chronic neuropathic pain. ( Dills, CV; Kim, DL; Leiphart, JW; Levy, RM; Zikel, OM, 1995) |
| "The aim of the present study was to investigate whether clonidine and morphine interact positively to produce analgesia against the low intensity tonic pain represented by the formalin model in rats." | 3.69 | Morphine, clonidine coadministration in subanalgesic doses: effective control of tonic pain. ( Gurtu, S; Mukerjee, D; Shukla, S, 1994) |
| " In addition, we also investigate the action of both HEs against capsaicin-mediated pain." | 3.69 | Analysis of the mechanisms underlying the antinociceptive effect of the extracts of plants from the genus Phyllanthus. ( Calixto, JB; Filho, VC; Santos, AR; Yunes, RA, 1995) |
| "To determine the clinical usefulness of the long-term intrathecal administration of midazolam and clonidine in patients with refractory neurogenic and musculoskeletal pain." | 3.69 | Long-term intrathecal administration of midazolam and clonidine. ( Borg, PA; Krijnen, HJ, 1996) |
| "To assess the benefit of ketamine addition to a morphine-clonidine-lidocaine mixture administered continuously by the intrathecal route for the treatment of cancer pain." | 3.69 | [Cancer pain: beneficial effect of ketamine addition to spinal administration of morphine-clonidine-lidocaine mixture]. ( Lemos, D; Muller, A, 1996) |
| "Direct intraspinal injection of the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine, and the alpha-adrenergic agents dexmedetomidine and clonidine, produced a dose-dependent elevation of pain thresholds in the Northern grass frog, Rana pipiens." | 3.69 | Spinal administration of adrenergic agents produces analgesia in amphibians. ( Brenner, GM; Stevens, CW, 1996) |
| "The effects of the intrathecal alpha 2-agonists tizanidine and clonidine and the somatostatin analog octreotide on an experimental rat model of tactile allodynia were investigated to determine the therapeutic potential for treating chronic neuropathic pain." | 3.69 | Effects of intrathecal nonnarcotic analgesics on chronic tactile allodynia in rats: alpha 2-agonists versus somatostatin analog. ( Kroin, JS; Ono, N; Paice, JA; Penn, RD, 1997) |
| "The effect of intrathecal morphine (MO) and the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists clonidine (CLON) and dexmedetomidine on self-mutilation (autotomy), a behavior that may indicate the presence of neuropathic pain, has been examined in rats." | 3.68 | The differential effects of morphine and the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists clonidine and dexmedetomidine on the prevention and treatment of experimental neuropathic pain. ( Puke, MJ; Wiesenfeld-Hallin, Z, 1993) |
| "Clonidine was administered in the lumbar epidural space to nine volunteers while monitoring blood pressure, heart rate, finger and toe blood flow, and response to cold pain testing, and while sampling CSF and arterial plasma for clonidine analysis." | 3.68 | Hemodynamic and analgesic actions of epidurally administered clonidine. ( Detweiler, D; Eisenach, J; Hood, D, 1993) |
| "Ten patients with deafferentation pain after spinal cord injury were given 150 micrograms clonidine epidurally." | 3.68 | Cerebrospinal fluid kinetics of epidural clonidine in man. ( Glynn, CJ; Jamous, MA; Teddy, PJ, 1992) |
| "Epidural clonidine produces analgesia in humans with acute and chronic pain." | 3.68 | A comparison of two epidural alpha 2-agonists, guanfacine and clonidine, in regard to duration of antinociception, and ventilatory and hemodynamic effects in goats. ( Baudendistel, LJ; Gibbons, JJ; Schweiss, JF; Smith, BD, 1992) |
| "A patient with disseminated cancer pain failed to obtain pain relief despite the intravenous infusion of hydromorphone at a rate equivalent to over 7 g of morphine/day." | 3.67 | Failure of epidural opioid to control cancer pain in a patient previously treated with massive doses of intravenous opioid. ( Cousins, MJ; Tanelian, DL, 1989) |
| "Clonidine was administered by epidural injections with per os relay and long term therapeutic follow-up to 38 patients with deafferentation neurological sequellar pain either fully or partly intractable to classical pain treatments." | 3.67 | [Thoracolumbar or sacral epidural administration of clonidine in deafferentation pain: possibilities, limits and long-term follow-up]. ( Farcot, JM; Grasser, C; Mercky, F, 1989) |
| "The jaw-opening reflex (JOR) in anesthetized rats and rabbits was the pain paradigm studied." | 3.67 | Evidence for alpha adrenoceptor modulation of the nociceptive jaw-opening reflex in rats and rabbits. ( Curtis, AL; Marwah, J, 1986) |
| "A case is reported in which spinal intrathecal administration of clonidine produced pain." | 3.67 | Pain after spinal intrathecal clonidine. An adverse interaction with tricyclic antidepressants? ( Hardy, PA; Wells, JC, 1988) |
| "Epidural clonidine is an alternate way to treat severe pain in man." | 3.67 | Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma concentrations of clonidine in pigs after epidural, intravenous and intramuscular administration. ( Gordh, T; Hartvig, P, 1986) |
| "The use of clonidine in the management of opiate abstinence is presented in a patient dependent upon levorphanol tartrate given for chronic pain." | 3.66 | The use of clonidine for management of opiate abstinence in a chronic pain patient. ( Bakris, GL; Cross, PD; Hammarsten, JE, 1982) |
| "Sufentanil and clonidine were effective as sedative in patients undergoing heart catheterization." | 2.76 | Sedation with sufentanil and clonidine in patients undergoing heart catheterization. ( Barros, GA; Castro, PA; Nascimento, Jdos S; Rocha, AP; Santos, KP; Vasconcelos, LM, 2011) |
| "Gabapentin is an important adjuvant to the management of opiate dependence both in acute detoxification as well as stabilisation phase." | 2.71 | Gabapentin in the management of pentazocine dependence: a potent analgesic--anticraving agent. ( Jain, MK; Kumar, P, 2003) |
| "Tizanidine is a centrally acting alpha-2 adrenoreceptor agonist widely used in the treatment of spasticity in patients with cerebral or spinal injury, and it is causing drawsiness in some of them." | 2.71 | [Effects of tizanidine for refractory sleep disturbance in disabled children with spastic quadriplegia]. ( Cho, K; Fujieda, K; Fukuda, I; Miyamoto, A; Oka, R; Tanaka, H, 2004) |
| " Effect on pain (including dose-response relationship) was due to 0." | 2.70 | Effects of an alpha(2)-adrenergic agonist on gastrointestinal transit, colonic motility, and sensation in humans. ( Burton, DD; Camilleri, M; Malcolm, A; McKinzie, S; Szarka, LA; Viramontes, BE; Zinsmeister, AR, 2001) |
| "Pain was not different in the two groups after tourniquet release." | 2.69 | Adding clonidine to lidocaine for intravenous regional anesthesia prevents tourniquet pain. ( Bernard, JM; Bonnet, F; Gentili, M, 1999) |
| "We have studied the use of clonidine combined with low doses of sufentanil and bupivacaine in 45 parturients requiring extradural analgesia for the first stage of labour, in a double-blind, randomized study." | 2.68 | Extradural clonidine combined with sufentanil and 0.0625% bupivacaine for analgesia in labour. ( Boulétreau, P; Chassard, D; Dailler, F; Golfier, F; Mathon, L; Tournadre, JP, 1996) |
| "Tizanidine is a well-tolerated and effective drug for symptomatic treatment of spasticity." | 2.67 | A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of tizanidine in the treatment of spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis. United Kingdom Tizanidine Trial Group. ( , 1994) |
| "Mechanistic approaches and multimodal analgesic techniques have been clearly demonstrated to be the most effective pain management strategy to improve outcomes." | 2.55 | Analgesia in the surgical intensive care unit. ( Brudney, CS; Ehieli, E; Pyati, S; Yalamuri, S, 2017) |
| "Intubation of the trachea and mechanical ventilation are ubiquitous painful procedures in the neonatal intensive care unit that are poorly assessed and treated." | 2.49 | Sedation and analgesia to facilitate mechanical ventilation. ( Colby, CE; Nemergut, ME; Yaster, M, 2013) |
| "Clonidine is an agonist at the alpha2-adrenergic receptor that has been in clinical use for over 40 years." | 2.47 | Clonidine: clinical pharmacology and therapeutic use in pain management. ( Neil, MJ, 2011) |
| "Among the more common symptoms is spasticity." | 2.41 | Management of spasticity, pain, and paroxysmal phenomena in multiple sclerosis. ( Schapiro, RT, 2001) |
| " It is concluded that co-administration of Vit B12 and morphine could reduce tolerance to analgesic effect of morphine chronic administration and also reduce its withdrawal symptoms." | 1.40 | Effect of cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) in the induction and expression of morphine tolerance and dependence in mice. ( Etemad, L; Ghazanfari, S; Hosseinzadeh, H; Imenshahidi, M; Moshiri, M, 2014) |
| "Uliginosin B is a natural phloroglucinol derivative, obtained from Hypericum species native to South America." | 1.40 | Determination of pharmacological interactions of uliginosin B, a natural phloroglucinol derivative, with amitriptyline, clonidine and morphine by isobolographic analysis. ( Antonio, CB; da Costa, PF; Müller, LG; Noël, F; Rates, SM; Stolz, ED; von Poser, GL, 2014) |
| "Whether the additional PTSD and functional neurologic deficits were due to a direct effect of the lightning strike on the central nervous system or a secondary response is open to speculation." | 1.39 | Central hyperadrenergic state after lightning strike. ( Ahlskog, JE; Craft, JM; Gelfman, R; Kantor, B; Low, PA; Parsaik, AK; Seime, RJ; Sheldon, SH; Singer, W; Staab, JP, 2013) |
| "Pain was evoked by injection of a formalin solution (5%, 50 μl) into the hindpaw of male Sprague-Dawley rats." | 1.37 | Antinociceptive effect of intrathecal ginsenosides through alpha-2 adrenoceptors in the formalin test of rats. ( Choi, JI; Huang, LJ; Kim, CM; Kim, WM; Lee, HG; Yoon, MH, 2011) |
| "Clonidine and ET have been reported to have cardiovascular interactions involving the sympathetic nervous system, but it is not known whether ETA receptor antagonist affects clonidine analgesia." | 1.36 | Involvement of imidazoline and opioid receptors in the enhancement of clonidine-induced analgesia by sulfisoxazole. ( Andurkar, SV; Boxwalla, M; Gulati, A; Matwyshyn, G; Puppala, BL, 2010) |
| "Pain was assessed using the formalin test (induced by a subcutaneous injection of 50 microl of a 5% formalin solution to the hindpaw)." | 1.35 | Evaluation for the interaction between intrathecal melatonin and clonidine or neostigmine on formalin-induced nociception. ( Huang, LJ; Kim, WM; Kim, YO; Lee, HG; Park, HC; Yoon, MH, 2008) |
| " In the mouse formalin test, DBV injection produced a dramatic leftward shift in the dose-response curve for clonidine-induced analgesia." | 1.35 | Acupoint stimulation with diluted bee venom (apipuncture) potentiates the analgesic effect of intrathecal clonidine in the rodent formalin test and in a neuropathic pain model. ( Beitz, AJ; Han, HJ; Kim, HW; Kwon, YB; Lee, HJ; Lee, JH; Roh, DH; Seo, HS; Yoon, SY, 2009) |
| "Neuropathic pain is associated with several sensory abnormalities, including allodynia as well as spontaneous pain." | 1.34 | Opioid self-administration in the nerve-injured rat: relevance of antiallodynic effects to drug consumption and effects of intrathecal analgesics. ( Buechler, NL; Eisenach, JC; Kim, SA; Martin, TJ; Porreca, F, 2007) |
| "Morphine tolerance was induced using a 3-day cumulative twice-daily dosing regimen with s." | 1.32 | Influence of prazosin and clonidine on morphine analgesia, tolerance and withdrawal in mice. ( Lähdesmäki, J; Ozdoğan, UK; Scheinin, M, 2003) |
| "Treating this pain is often difficult, particularly in elderly patients, owing to iatrogenic effects and to interactions with the pre-existing diseases and treatments frequently present in this age group." | 1.32 | [Facial anesthetic blocks in the treatment of acute pain during ophthalmic zoster]. ( Chiquet, C; Gain, P; Maugery, J; Michaud, P; Navez, ML; Pascal, J; Thuret, G, 2003) |
| " In this study, we investigated the dose-response characteristics of IT clonidine, and whether a subeffective dose of clonidine could enhance the effect of SCS in nerve-injured rats with tactile hypersensitivity (allodynia)." | 1.32 | Intrathecal clonidine potentiates suppression of tactile hypersensitivity by spinal cord stimulation in a model of neuropathy. ( Linderoth, B; Meyerson, BA; Schechtmann, G; Wallin, J, 2004) |
| "The clonidine response was inhibited by yohimbine (0." | 1.32 | Clonidine and guanfacine-induced antinociception in visceral pain: possible role of alpha 2/I2 binding sites. ( Hosseini, AR; Khansefid, N; Sabetkasaie, M; Sadat Ladgevardi, MA; Vala, S, 2004) |
| "CFA injection resulted in significant thermal hyperalgesia throughout the four days of observation." | 1.31 | Intrathecal clonidine decreases spinal nitric oxide release in a rat model of complete Freund's adjuvant induced inflammatory pain. ( Cheng, JT; Chuang, YC; Lin, CR; Wang, CJ; Yang, LC, 2002) |
| "Clonidine was also evaluated in combination with ketamine and dextromethorphan." | 1.31 | Interactions of NMDA antagonists and an alpha 2 agonist with mu, delta and kappa opioids in an acute nociception assay. ( Baker, AK; Hoffmann, VL; Meert, TF, 2002) |
| "Moxonidine is a mixed I(1) imidazoline/alpha(2)moxonidine=morphine." | 1.31 | Effects of the I(1) imidazoline/alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor agonist moxonidine in comparison with clonidine in the formalin test in rats. ( Lutz, EA; Shannon, HE, 2000) |
| "In untreated mice, morphine, fentanyl, clonidine, oxymetazoline, desipramine and lidocaine, but not MK801, produced dose-related antinociception when tested using a 55 degrees C water tail-flick test." | 1.31 | Pharmacologic reversal of pertussis toxin-induced thermal allodynia in mice. ( Shannon, HE; Womer, DE, 2000) |
| "3-10 microg) and clonidine (1-30 microg) were administered to obtain the dose-response curves and the 50% effective dose (ED(50)) for each drug." | 1.31 | Intrathecal carbachol and clonidine produce a synergistic antiallodynic effect in rats with a nerve ligation injury. ( Han, SM; Hwang, JH; Lee, EJ; Park, JY; Park, PH; Sim, JY, 2002) |
| "Morphine and clonidine were given intrathecally through implanted catheters alone or in a 1:3 fixed ratio." | 1.30 | Synergistic antinociceptive interactions of morphine and clonidine in rats with nerve-ligation injury. ( Bian, D; Lopez, Y; Nichols, ML; Ossipov, MH; Porreca, F, 1997) |
| " boluses of ST to generate dose-response curves." | 1.30 | Spinal infusion of N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist MK801 induces hypersensitivity to the spinal alpha-2 agonist ST91 in the rat. ( Dunbar, SA; Yaksh, TL, 1997) |
| "Clonidine was more potent in CCI then in CFA rats in reducing the response to cold." | 1.30 | The cold plate as a test of nociceptive behaviors: description and application to the study of chronic neuropathic and inflammatory pain models. ( Franssen, M; Goff, JR; Janni, G; Jasmin, L; Kohan, L, 1998) |
| "Tizanidine (TZD) is an alpha-2-adrenergic drug with potential spinal analgesic action and could be a substitute or additive for intrathecal (i." | 1.30 | Distribution, tolerability and tissue compatibility of intrathecal tizanidine in the sheep. ( Loew, M; Ochs, G; Tonn, J; Toyka, K, 1998) |
| " The ability of intrathecally administered clonidine alone or in combination with morphine, DPDPE, or U50,488H to alter thresholds for the production of the visceromotor response was examined." | 1.29 | Visceral antinociceptive effects of spinal clonidine combined with morphine, [D-Pen2, D-Pen5] enkephalin, or U50,488H. ( Collins, JG; Harada, Y; Kishikawa, K; Kitahata, LM; Nishioka, K, 1995) |
| "clonidine was neither potentiated by i." | 1.29 | Neither cholecystokinin nor galanin modulate intrathecal clonidine-induced depression of the nociceptive flexor reflex in the rat. ( Wiesenfeld-Hallin, Z; Xu, XJ, 1993) |
| "Idazoxan (2." | 1.29 | Noradrenergic and opioid systems interact to alter the detection of noxious thermal stimuli and facial scratching in monkeys. ( Anton, F; Dubner, R; Kenshalo, DR; Thomas, DA; Williams, GM, 1993) |
| " Microinjections of medetomidine into the cerebellum or the PAG produced an identical dose-response curve in the tail-flick test as that obtained following microinjection into the RVM." | 1.29 | The rostroventromedial medulla is not involved in alpha 2-adrenoceptor-mediated antinociception in the rat. ( Hämäläinen, MM; Pertovaara, A, 1993) |
| "clonidine was reversed by the selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist atipamezole." | 1.29 | Effects of intrathecal vs. systemic clonidine in treating chronic allodynia-like response in spinally injured rats. ( Hao, JX; Wiesenfeld-Hallin, Z; Xu, XJ; Yu, W, 1996) |
| "Clonidine was found to be highly effective in arthritic animals, even at the lower concentration: the elevation in threshold produced by 30 micrograms/kg i." | 1.28 | Potent antinociceptive effects of clonidine systemically administered in an experimental model of clinical pain, the arthritic rat. ( Besson, JM; Guilbaud, G; Kayser, V, 1992) |
| "Naloxone pretreatment attenuated this decline." | 1.28 | Clonidine and yohimbine modulate the effects of naloxone on novelty-induced hypoalgesia. ( Dawes, P; Rochford, J, 1992) |
| "Evidence suggests that the pain and hyperalgesia in SMP are related to activation of peripheral adrenergic receptors." | 1.28 | Topical application of clonidine relieves hyperalgesia in patients with sympathetically maintained pain. ( Campbell, JN; Davis, KD; Meyer, RA; Raja, SN; Treede, RD, 1991) |
| "Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36-amino-acid, C-terminal amidated peptide that is found in bulbospinal pathways and can inhibit the release of the primary afferent C-fiber neurotransmitter, substance P." | 1.28 | The antinociceptive effects of spinally administered neuropeptide Y in the rat: systematic studies on structure-activity relationship. ( Boublik, JH; Brown, MR; Hua, XY; Rivier, JE; Spicer, MA; Yaksh, TL, 1991) |
| "Pretreatment with reserpine (2 mg/kg) significantly reduced the antinociceptive activity of FR64822, when tested against acetic acid writhing." | 1.28 | Involvement of dopamine in the mechanism of action of FR64822, a novel non-opioid antinociceptive compound. ( Nomura, K; Ohkubo, Y; Yamaguchi, I, 1991) |
| " Dose-response curves for IT morphine were obtained in the presence of fixed doses (0." | 1.28 | Interaction of intrathecal morphine and ST-91 on antinociception in the rat: dose-response analysis, antagonism and clearance. ( Monasky, MS; Stevens, CW; Yaksh, TL; Zinsmeister, AR, 1990) |
| " Graded dose-response curves (DRC) were constructed from tail-flick latencies converted to % maximal possible effect (%MPE), and the ED50 calculated." | 1.28 | Spinal antinociceptive synergy between clonidine and morphine, U69593, and DPDPE: isobolographic analysis. ( Green, J; Harris, S; Lloyd, P; Lozito, R; Messineo, E; Ossipov, MH, 1990) |
| " dose-response curves for the effect of the chronic drug given as a bolus." | 1.28 | Potency of infused spinal antinociceptive agents is inversely related to magnitude of tolerance after continuous infusion. ( Stevens, CW; Yaksh, TL, 1989) |
| "Clonidine therapy was used to alleviate symptoms of narcotic analgesic withdrawal." | 1.27 | Narcotic bowel syndrome treated with clonidine. Resolution of abdominal pain and intestinal pseudo-obstruction. ( Greenberger, NJ; McPhee, MS; Sandgren, JE, 1984) |
| "Clonidine pretreatment did not significantly alter the effect of baclofen alone, but reversed the potentiation of the action of baclofen produced by both theophylline and isobutylmethylxanthine." | 1.27 | Clonidine reverses methylxanthine-induced potentiation of baclofen antinociception. ( Sawynok, J; Steardo, L, 1985) |
| "Pretreatment with clonidine had only a slight effect on long-term blockade, but yohimbine was without effect." | 1.27 | Substance P-induced long-term blockade of spinal adrenergic analgesia: reversal by morphine and naloxone. ( Nance, PW; Sawynok, J, 1987) |
| "Both baclofen and clonidine were injected intraperitoneally in all experiments." | 1.27 | Role of ascending and descending noradrenergic pathways in the antinociceptive effect of baclofen and clonidine. ( Reid, A; Sawynok, J, 1986) |
| " Yohimbine, but not naloxone, antagonized the antinociceptive effects of clonidine, whereas both yohimbine and naloxone altered the dose-response function for the effects of clonidine on blood pressure." | 1.27 | Intrathecal morphine and clonidine: antinociceptive tolerance and cross-tolerance and effects on blood pressure. ( Gebhart, GF; Solomon, RE, 1988) |
| " After 12 generations of selective breeding, the high antinociceptive response line exhibited about 7 times steeper dose-response curve than did the low antinociceptive response line whereas only small differences were seen with saline alone." | 1.27 | Selective breeding for levorphanol-induced antinociception on the hot-plate assay: commonalities in mechanism of action with morphine, pentazocine, ethylketocyclazocine, U-50488H and clonidine in mice. ( Belknap, JK; Danielson, PW; Laursen, SE; Noordewier, B, 1987) |
| " The dose-response curve of depression by morphine alone of C-fiber-evoked activity (ED50 8 micrograms) is significantly shifted by clonidine to the left (ED50 0." | 1.27 | Mutual potentiation of antinociceptive effects of morphine and clonidine on motor and sensory responses in rat spinal cord. ( Carlsson, KH; Jochim, A; Jurna, I; Wilcox, GL, 1987) |
| "Naloxone was found to reverse this hypoalgesic state." | 1.27 | Association between hypoalgesia and hypertension in rats after short-term isolation. ( Fuentes, JA; Naranjo, JR, 1985) |
Research
Studies (318)
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 69 (21.70) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 91 (28.62) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 104 (32.70) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 42 (13.21) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 12 (3.77) | 2.80 |
Authors
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Hlasta, DJ | 1 |
| Luttinger, D | 1 |
| Perrone, MH | 1 |
| Silbernagel, MJ | 1 |
| Ward, SJ | 1 |
| Haubrich, DR | 1 |
| Malhotra, V | 1 |
| Vats, M | 1 |
| Nath, R | 1 |
| Mehta, S | 1 |
| Kumar, R | 1 |
| Bhalla, M | 1 |
| Sinha, JN | 1 |
| Shanker, K | 1 |
| Pathak, SR | 1 |
| Matsushita, Y | 1 |
| Manabe, M | 1 |
| Kitagawa, I | 1 |
| Higuchi, M | 1 |
| Hosaka, YZ | 1 |
| Kitamura, N | 1 |
| Punj, J | 1 |
| Garg, H | 1 |
| Gomez, G | 1 |
| Bagri, NK | 1 |
| Thakur, JP | 1 |
| Singh, LD | 1 |
| Jain, D | 1 |
| Darlong, V | 1 |
| Pandey, R | 1 |
| Karam, C | 1 |
| Al Assadi, S | 1 |
| Kanazi, G | 1 |
| Zeeni, C | 1 |
| Huang, H | 1 |
| Bai, X | 1 |
| Zhang, K | 1 |
| Guo, J | 1 |
| Wu, S | 1 |
| Ouyang, H | 1 |
| Sorrieul, J | 1 |
| Robert, J | 1 |
| Vincent, L | 1 |
| Andre, M | 1 |
| Bourcier, B | 1 |
| Bienfait, F | 1 |
| Hamon, SJ | 1 |
| Dupoiron, D | 1 |
| Devys, C | 1 |
| Carlsen Misic, M | 1 |
| Eriksson, M | 1 |
| Normann, E | 1 |
| Pettersson, M | 1 |
| Blomqvist, Y | 1 |
| Olsson, E | 2 |
| Steffen, DA | 1 |
| Najafi, A | 1 |
| Binkert, CA | 1 |
| Bäcke, P | 1 |
| Bruschettini, M | 1 |
| Sibrecht, G | 1 |
| Thernström Blomqvist, Y | 1 |
| Dersch-Mills, D | 1 |
| Howlett, A | 1 |
| Lind, J | 1 |
| Marchuk, A | 1 |
| Mohammad, K | 1 |
| Bromfalk, Å | 1 |
| Hultin, M | 1 |
| Myrberg, T | 1 |
| Engström, Å | 1 |
| Walldén, J | 1 |
| Donato, J | 1 |
| Rao, K | 1 |
| Lewis, T | 1 |
| Mitchell, A | 1 |
| Kelly, J | 1 |
| Cook, J | 1 |
| Atkinson, N | 1 |
| Spain, B | 1 |
| Remenyi, B | 1 |
| Wade, V | 1 |
| Ralph, AP | 1 |
| Drummond, PD | 2 |
| Morellini, N | 1 |
| Finch, PM | 1 |
| Birklein, F | 1 |
| Knudsen, LF | 1 |
| Creamer, M | 1 |
| Cloud, G | 1 |
| Kossmehl, P | 1 |
| Yochelson, M | 1 |
| Francisco, GE | 1 |
| Ward, AB | 1 |
| Wissel, J | 1 |
| Zampolini, M | 1 |
| Abouihia, A | 1 |
| Calabrese, A | 1 |
| Saltuari, L | 1 |
| Ginosar, Y | 1 |
| Riley, ET | 1 |
| Angst, MS | 1 |
| Parsaik, AK | 1 |
| Ahlskog, JE | 1 |
| Singer, W | 1 |
| Gelfman, R | 1 |
| Sheldon, SH | 1 |
| Seime, RJ | 1 |
| Craft, JM | 1 |
| Staab, JP | 1 |
| Kantor, B | 1 |
| Low, PA | 1 |
| Nemergut, ME | 1 |
| Yaster, M | 1 |
| Colby, CE | 1 |
| Delaunois, A | 1 |
| De Ron, P | 1 |
| Dedoncker, P | 1 |
| Rosseels, ML | 1 |
| Cornet, M | 1 |
| Jnoff, E | 1 |
| Hanon, E | 1 |
| Guyaux, M | 1 |
| Depelchin, BO | 1 |
| Fan, QQ | 1 |
| Li, L | 1 |
| Wang, WT | 1 |
| Yang, X | 2 |
| Suo, ZW | 2 |
| Hu, XD | 2 |
| Ghazanfari, S | 1 |
| Imenshahidi, M | 1 |
| Etemad, L | 1 |
| Moshiri, M | 1 |
| Hosseinzadeh, H | 1 |
| Ohnesorge, H | 1 |
| Feng, Z | 1 |
| Zitta, K | 1 |
| Steinfath, M | 1 |
| Albrecht, M | 1 |
| Bein, B | 1 |
| Wang, XT | 1 |
| Lian, X | 1 |
| Xu, YM | 1 |
| Chapman, CR | 1 |
| Bradshaw, DH | 1 |
| Donaldson, GW | 1 |
| Jacobson, RC | 1 |
| Nakamura, Y | 1 |
| Milne, B | 3 |
| Jhamandas, K | 3 |
| Sutak, M | 3 |
| Grenier, P | 2 |
| Cahill, CM | 3 |
| Stone, LS | 1 |
| German, JP | 1 |
| Kitto, KF | 1 |
| Fairbanks, CA | 1 |
| Wilcox, GL | 2 |
| Makau, CM | 2 |
| Towett, PK | 2 |
| Abelson, KS | 1 |
| Kanui, TI | 3 |
| Stolz, ED | 1 |
| Müller, LG | 1 |
| Antonio, CB | 1 |
| da Costa, PF | 1 |
| von Poser, GL | 1 |
| Noël, F | 1 |
| Rates, SM | 1 |
| Wu, BT | 1 |
| Chen, KT | 1 |
| Liu, KS | 1 |
| Chen, YW | 2 |
| Hung, CH | 2 |
| Wang, JJ | 2 |
| Bassani, AS | 1 |
| Banov, D | 1 |
| Ragavendran, JV | 1 |
| Laferrière, A | 1 |
| Bennett, GJ | 1 |
| Ware, MA | 1 |
| Gandhi, W | 1 |
| Bley, K | 1 |
| Schweinhardt, P | 1 |
| Coderre, TJ | 1 |
| Vo, L | 1 |
| Hood, S | 1 |
| Nag, S | 4 |
| Mokha, SS | 4 |
| Ehieli, E | 1 |
| Yalamuri, S | 1 |
| Brudney, CS | 1 |
| Pyati, S | 1 |
| Abelson, KSP | 1 |
| Malchow, RJ | 1 |
| Black, IH | 1 |
| Giovannoni, MP | 1 |
| Ghelardini, C | 1 |
| Vergelli, C | 1 |
| Dal Piaz, V | 1 |
| Nazarian, A | 1 |
| Christianson, CA | 1 |
| Hua, XY | 2 |
| Yaksh, TL | 9 |
| Wang, Q | 1 |
| Limbird, LE | 1 |
| Ou-Yang, HD | 1 |
| Zeng, WA | 1 |
| Li, Q | 1 |
| He, WX | 1 |
| Wang, PZ | 1 |
| Lin, LL | 1 |
| Zhang, ZQ | 1 |
| Liu, XG | 1 |
| Nielsen, JB | 1 |
| Sjøgren, P | 1 |
| Yoon, MH | 4 |
| Park, HC | 1 |
| Kim, WM | 3 |
| Lee, HG | 3 |
| Kim, YO | 2 |
| Huang, LJ | 3 |
| Yoon, SY | 2 |
| Roh, DH | 2 |
| Kwon, YB | 1 |
| Kim, HW | 1 |
| Seo, HS | 2 |
| Han, HJ | 2 |
| Lee, HJ | 1 |
| Beitz, AJ | 2 |
| Lee, JH | 2 |
| Gulati, A | 2 |
| Bhalla, S | 1 |
| Matwyshyn, G | 2 |
| Zhang, Z | 1 |
| Andurkar, SV | 2 |
| Kim, CM | 2 |
| An, TH | 1 |
| Feng, X | 1 |
| Zhang, F | 1 |
| Dong, R | 1 |
| Li, W | 1 |
| Liu, J | 1 |
| Zhao, X | 1 |
| Xue, Q | 1 |
| Yu, B | 1 |
| Xu, J | 2 |
| Schreiber, S | 2 |
| Frishtick, R | 1 |
| Volis, I | 1 |
| Rubovitch, V | 1 |
| Pick, CG | 2 |
| Weizman, R | 1 |
| Ulger, F | 1 |
| Bozkurt, A | 1 |
| Bilge, SS | 1 |
| Ilkaya, F | 1 |
| Dilek, A | 1 |
| Bostanci, MO | 1 |
| Ciftcioglu, E | 1 |
| Güldogus, F | 1 |
| Yao, XH | 1 |
| Zhou, P | 1 |
| Huang, Y | 1 |
| Wang, B | 1 |
| Chen, CY | 1 |
| Qing, ZH | 1 |
| Cardinaletti, C | 1 |
| Mattioli, L | 1 |
| Ghelfi, F | 1 |
| Del Bello, F | 1 |
| Giannella, M | 1 |
| Bruzzone, A | 1 |
| Paris, H | 1 |
| Perfumi, M | 1 |
| Piergentili, A | 1 |
| Quaglia, W | 1 |
| Pigini, M | 1 |
| Song, S | 1 |
| Cao, J | 1 |
| Shi, X | 1 |
| Miao, X | 1 |
| Young, S | 3 |
| Vainio, M | 1 |
| Scheinin, M | 2 |
| Dukat, M | 4 |
| Boxwalla, M | 1 |
| Puppala, BL | 1 |
| Fortinguerra, F | 1 |
| Maschi, S | 1 |
| Clavenna, A | 1 |
| Bonati, M | 1 |
| Wallace, MS | 1 |
| Rauck, RL | 2 |
| Deer, T | 1 |
| Attigah, N | 1 |
| Kutter, J | 1 |
| Demirel, S | 1 |
| Hakimi, M | 1 |
| Hinz, U | 1 |
| Motsch, J | 1 |
| Böckler, D | 1 |
| Choi, JI | 1 |
| Rocha, AP | 1 |
| Barros, GA | 1 |
| Nascimento, Jdos S | 1 |
| Santos, KP | 1 |
| Vasconcelos, LM | 1 |
| Castro, PA | 1 |
| Davoody, L | 1 |
| Quiton, RL | 1 |
| Lucas, JM | 1 |
| Ji, Y | 1 |
| Keller, A | 1 |
| Masri, R | 1 |
| Chu, CC | 1 |
| Chen, YC | 1 |
| Hsueh, MI | 1 |
| Maruta, T | 1 |
| Nemoto, T | 1 |
| Satoh, S | 1 |
| Kanai, T | 1 |
| Yanagita, T | 1 |
| Wada, A | 1 |
| Tsuneyoshi, I | 1 |
| Neil, MJ | 1 |
| Patel, D | 1 |
| Naik, S | 1 |
| Misra, A | 1 |
| El-Hefnawy, AS | 1 |
| Helmy, T | 1 |
| El-Assmy, MM | 1 |
| Sarhan, O | 1 |
| Hafez, AT | 1 |
| Dawaba, M | 1 |
| Walker, SM | 2 |
| Grafe, M | 1 |
| Hayashida, K | 1 |
| Kimura, M | 1 |
| Yoshizumi, M | 1 |
| Hobo, S | 1 |
| Obata, H | 2 |
| Eisenach, JC | 17 |
| Dworkin, RH | 1 |
| Lin, CR | 1 |
| Chuang, YC | 1 |
| Cheng, JT | 1 |
| Wang, CJ | 1 |
| Yang, LC | 1 |
| Backo, AL | 1 |
| Clause, SL | 1 |
| Triller, DM | 1 |
| Gibbs, KA | 1 |
| Goudas, LC | 2 |
| Cousins, MJ | 5 |
| Carr, DB | 2 |
| Jain, NK | 1 |
| Kulkarni, SK | 1 |
| Singh, A | 1 |
| Lavand'homme, PM | 1 |
| Ma, W | 1 |
| De Kock, M | 2 |
| Baker, AK | 1 |
| Hoffmann, VL | 1 |
| Meert, TF | 1 |
| Blednov, YA | 1 |
| Stoffel, M | 2 |
| Alva, H | 1 |
| Harris, RA | 1 |
| Mitrovic, I | 1 |
| Margeta-Mitrovic, M | 1 |
| Bader, S | 1 |
| Jan, LY | 1 |
| Basbaum, AI | 1 |
| Ozdoğan, UK | 1 |
| Lähdesmäki, J | 1 |
| Gain, P | 1 |
| Thuret, G | 1 |
| Chiquet, C | 1 |
| Pascal, J | 1 |
| Michaud, P | 1 |
| Maugery, J | 1 |
| Navez, ML | 1 |
| Kang, YJ | 1 |
| Hildebrand, KR | 1 |
| Elsberry, DD | 1 |
| Hassenbusch, SJ | 1 |
| Hargreaves, KM | 1 |
| Jackson, DL | 1 |
| Bowles, WR | 1 |
| Parisod, E | 1 |
| Siddall, PJ | 3 |
| Viney, M | 1 |
| McClelland, JM | 1 |
| Paqueron, X | 2 |
| Conklin, D | 1 |
| Ackerman, LL | 1 |
| Follett, KA | 1 |
| Rosenquist, RW | 1 |
| De Rossi, R | 1 |
| Bucker, GV | 1 |
| Varela, JV | 1 |
| McCleane, G | 1 |
| Kumar, P | 1 |
| Jain, MK | 1 |
| Bowen, G | 1 |
| Viscusi, ER | 1 |
| Andonakakis, A | 1 |
| Bischoff, P | 2 |
| Schmidt, GN | 1 |
| Scharein, E | 1 |
| Bromm, B | 2 |
| Schulte am Esch, J | 1 |
| Nishiyama, T | 3 |
| Hanaoka, K | 4 |
| Hutschala, D | 1 |
| Mascher, H | 1 |
| Schmetterer, L | 1 |
| Klimscha, W | 2 |
| Fleck, T | 1 |
| Eichler, HG | 1 |
| Tschernko, EM | 1 |
| Shin, SW | 1 |
| Rao, SG | 1 |
| Tong, C | 1 |
| Maruyama, K | 1 |
| Takeda, S | 1 |
| Hongo, T | 1 |
| Kobayashi, N | 1 |
| Kim, C | 1 |
| Ogawa, R | 3 |
| Zhao, ZQ | 2 |
| Lacey, G | 1 |
| Hendry, IA | 1 |
| Morton, CR | 1 |
| Kern, U | 1 |
| Martin, C | 1 |
| Scheicher, S | 1 |
| Müller, H | 1 |
| Wesolowska, A | 1 |
| Imanaga, K | 1 |
| Wajima, Z | 2 |
| Inoue, T | 2 |
| Schechtmann, G | 1 |
| Wallin, J | 1 |
| Meyerson, BA | 1 |
| Linderoth, B | 1 |
| de Padua, AI | 1 |
| de Castro, M | 1 |
| Schmidt, A | 1 |
| Coutinho Neto, J | 1 |
| Terra Filho, J | 1 |
| Martinez, JA | 1 |
| Kayacan, N | 1 |
| Arici, G | 1 |
| Karsli, B | 1 |
| Bigat, Z | 1 |
| Akar, M | 1 |
| Sabetkasaie, M | 1 |
| Vala, S | 1 |
| Khansefid, N | 1 |
| Hosseini, AR | 1 |
| Sadat Ladgevardi, MA | 1 |
| Leiphart, JW | 2 |
| Dills, CV | 2 |
| Levy, RM | 2 |
| Koga, K | 1 |
| Honda, K | 1 |
| Ando, S | 1 |
| Harasawa, I | 2 |
| Kamiya, HO | 1 |
| Takano, Y | 1 |
| Tanaka, H | 1 |
| Fukuda, I | 1 |
| Miyamoto, A | 1 |
| Oka, R | 1 |
| Cho, K | 1 |
| Fujieda, K | 1 |
| Rudich, Z | 1 |
| Peng, P | 1 |
| Dunn, E | 1 |
| McCartney, C | 1 |
| Classen, AM | 1 |
| Wimbish, GH | 1 |
| Kupiec, TC | 1 |
| Varga, EV | 1 |
| Hosohata, K | 1 |
| Borys, D | 1 |
| Navratilova, E | 1 |
| Nylen, A | 1 |
| Vanderah, TW | 1 |
| Porreca, F | 3 |
| Roeske, WR | 1 |
| Yamamura, HI | 1 |
| Li, X | 2 |
| Miura, T | 1 |
| Okazaki, R | 1 |
| Yoshida, H | 1 |
| Namba, H | 1 |
| Okai, H | 1 |
| Kawamura, M | 1 |
| Chernes, Y | 1 |
| Rigai, T | 1 |
| Rice, KC | 1 |
| Aronov, S | 2 |
| Ben-Abraham, R | 2 |
| Givati-Divshi, D | 2 |
| Katz, Y | 2 |
| Inomata, S | 1 |
| Kakiuchi, Y | 1 |
| Miyabe, M | 1 |
| Ohara, Y | 1 |
| Sukegawa, I | 1 |
| Osaka, Y | 1 |
| Kohda, Y | 1 |
| Toyooka, H | 1 |
| Romero-Sandoval, EA | 1 |
| McCall, C | 1 |
| Duflo, F | 1 |
| Boselli, E | 1 |
| Ryvlin, P | 1 |
| Chassard, D | 2 |
| Wesołowska, A | 1 |
| Romero-Sandoval, A | 1 |
| Hauck, M | 1 |
| Schmidt, G | 1 |
| Zimmermann, R | 1 |
| Lorenz, J | 1 |
| Morrow, TJ | 1 |
| Ishiyama, T | 1 |
| Kashimoto, S | 1 |
| Oguchi, T | 1 |
| Furuya, A | 1 |
| Fukushima, H | 1 |
| Kumazawa, T | 1 |
| Roelants, F | 1 |
| Vranken, JH | 1 |
| van Kan, HJ | 1 |
| van der Vegt, MH | 1 |
| Danelli, G | 1 |
| Nuzzi, M | 1 |
| Salcuni, PF | 1 |
| Caberti, L | 1 |
| Berti, M | 1 |
| Rossini, E | 1 |
| Casati, A | 1 |
| Fanelli, G | 1 |
| Mathes, WF | 1 |
| Kanarek, RB | 1 |
| Martin, TJ | 1 |
| Kim, SA | 1 |
| Buechler, NL | 1 |
| Glennon, RA | 1 |
| Gil, DW | 1 |
| Cheevers, CV | 1 |
| Donello, JE | 1 |
| Ortiz, JP | 1 |
| Heinricher, MM | 1 |
| Selden, NR | 1 |
| Li, C | 1 |
| Sekiyama, H | 1 |
| Hayashida, M | 1 |
| Takeda, K | 1 |
| Sumida, T | 1 |
| Sawamura, S | 1 |
| Yamada, Y | 1 |
| Arita, H | 1 |
| Tomić, MA | 1 |
| Vucković, SM | 1 |
| Stepanović-Petrović, RM | 1 |
| Ugresić, ND | 1 |
| Paranos, SLj | 1 |
| Prostran, MS | 1 |
| Bosković, B | 1 |
| Thompson, AD | 1 |
| Angelotti, T | 1 |
| Davies, J | 2 |
| Johnston, SE | 1 |
| Hill, DR | 1 |
| Quinlan, JE | 2 |
| Reddy, SV | 1 |
| Agnoli, A | 1 |
| Denaro, A | 1 |
| Ceci, E | 1 |
| Falaschi, P | 1 |
| Snow, AE | 1 |
| Tucker, SM | 1 |
| Dewey, WL | 1 |
| Goldstein, JA | 2 |
| Sandgren, JE | 1 |
| McPhee, MS | 1 |
| Greenberger, NJ | 1 |
| Coombs, DW | 1 |
| Ossipov, MH | 4 |
| Malseed, RT | 1 |
| Eisenman, LM | 1 |
| Goldstein, FJ | 1 |
| Marwaha, J | 1 |
| Sicuteri, F | 1 |
| Strube, PJ | 1 |
| Lavies, NG | 1 |
| Rubin, J | 2 |
| Bodnar, RJ | 1 |
| Merrigan, KP | 1 |
| Sperber, E | 1 |
| Chan, SH | 3 |
| Gleeson, RM | 1 |
| Atrens, DM | 1 |
| Fielding, S | 1 |
| Lal, H | 1 |
| Lai, YY | 1 |
| Bakris, GL | 1 |
| Cross, PD | 1 |
| Hammarsten, JE | 1 |
| Zaĭtsev, AA | 4 |
| Ignatov, IuD | 3 |
| Dmitriev, AV | 1 |
| Favre, JB | 1 |
| Gardaz, JP | 1 |
| Ravussin, P | 1 |
| Byas-Smith, MG | 1 |
| Max, MB | 2 |
| Muir, J | 2 |
| Kingman, A | 1 |
| Kayser, V | 2 |
| Desmeules, J | 1 |
| Guilbaud, G | 2 |
| Levy, R | 1 |
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Clinical Trials (13)
Trial Overview
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A Sequential Allocation Study to Determine the ED50 of Dexmetedomidine as an Adjuvant to Lidocaine Intravenous Regional Anesthesia[NCT05342870] | 23 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-08-31 | Completed | |||
| Clonidine as Pain Relief During ROP Eye Examinations[NCT04902859] | Phase 4 | 50 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-04-25 | Recruiting | ||
| A Randomized, Controlled, Open-label, Parallel-group, Multi-center Study to Compare the Effect of Intrathecal Baclofen Therapy Versus Best Medical Treatment on Severe Spasticity in Post-stroke Patients After 6 Months Active Treatment[NCT01032239] | Phase 4 | 61 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-11-30 | Completed | ||
| The Effects of Topical Treatment With Clonidine + Pentoxifylline in Patients With Neuropathic Pain[NCT03342950] | Phase 2 | 4 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-02-19 | Terminated (stopped due to Low recruitment due to the COVID-19 pandemic) | ||
| Comparison of Ultrasound Guided Femoral Nerve Blockade and Standard Parenteral Opioid Pain Management Alone in Patients With Hip Fracture in the Emergency Department[NCT02381717] | 60 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2015-08-31 | Recruiting | |||
| Managing Acute Pain in Critically Ill Non-communicative Palliative Care Patients[NCT02127086] | 377 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-03-31 | Completed | |||
| Guanfacine for PONV and Pain After Sinus Surgery[NCT02882854] | 84 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-11-30 | Completed | |||
| The Evaluation of the Combination of Magnesium and Lidocaine for the Pretreatment of Pain That is Caused by the Injection of Propofol.[NCT01342510] | Phase 4 | 200 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-04-30 | Completed | ||
| Hemodynamic Effect of Intrathecal Clonidine in Hypertensive Subjects: A Pilot Study to Assess Its Effectiveness in Hypertensive Subjects With Poor Blood Pressure Control (Phase II)[NCT01297335] | Phase 2 | 10 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-02-28 | Completed | ||
| Study of the Efficiency of the Ketamine With Low Analgesic Doses, in Association With High Opioids, in the Treatment of the Rebels Pains, in Palliative Phase of the Cancerous Disease[NCT01326325] | Phase 3 | 24 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-07-31 | Completed | ||
| Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block for Cesarean Section[NCT01015807] | 90 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-11-30 | Completed | |||
| Comparison Between Intravenous and Intrathecal Clonidine in Post-cesarean Analgesia[NCT02550444] | 64 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-04-30 | Completed | |||
| Effects of Lidocaine Patch on Intradermal Capsaicin Induced Pain and Hyperalgesia[NCT00373893] | Phase 1 | 12 participants | Interventional | 2005-12-31 | Completed | ||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
Trial Outcomes
Change in Average 10 Meter Time Walking Test (10MTWT) From Baseline to Month 6
Change in average 10MTWT from baseline to month 6 beetween ITB and BMT arm. Change=10MTWT at month 6 - 10MTWT at baseline (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: Baseline and month 6
| Intervention | seconds (Mean) |
|---|---|
| ITB Therapy | 4.86 |
| Best Medical Treatment (BMT) | -2.48 |
Change in Average Ashworth Scale (AS) in Affected Lower Extremities From Baseline to Month 6
"AS is a manual test, measuring the resistance to passive movement about a joint with varying degrees of velocity. Scores range from 1-5, with 5 choices. A score of 1 indicates no resistance, and 5 indicates rigidity. The following muscle groups in the lower extremities were assessed: hip flexors, hip adductors, knee extensors, knee flexors, plantar flexors and ankle-dorsal flexors. Average AS was calculated as the average of AS scores of the 6 muscles of the affected lower extremity. Change in average AS in affected lower extremities from baseline to month 6 between ITB and BMT arm was assessed.~Change= AS at month 6 - AS at baseline." (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: Baseline and month 6
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| ITB Therapy | -0.99 |
| Best Medical Treatment (BMT) | -0.43 |
Change in Average Ashworth Scale (AS) in Affected Upper Extremities From Baseline to Month 6
"AS is a manual test, measuring the resistance to passive movement about a joint with varying degrees of velocity. Scores range from 1-5, with 5 choices. A score of 1 indicates no resistance, and 5 indicates rigidity. The following muscle groups in the upper extremities were assessed: wrist flexors, elbow flexors, elbow extensors, shoulder abductors and shoulder adductors. Average AS was calculated as the average of AS scores of the 5 muscles of the affected lower extremities. Change in average AS in affected upper extremities from baseline to month 6 between ITB and BMT arm was assessed.~Change= AS at month 6 - AS at baseline." (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: Baseline and month 6
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| ITB Therapy | -0.66 |
| Best Medical Treatment (BMT) | -0.17 |
Change in Functional Independence Measure (FIM) Score From Baseline to Month 6
FIM contains 18 items composed of 13 motor tasks and 5 cognitive tasks. Tasks are rated on a 7-point ordinal scale that ranges from total assistance (or complete dependence) to complete independence. Ratings should reflect actual observed performance, not capability. Total score ranges from 18 (lowest) to 126 (highest) level of independence. Change in FIM total score from baseline to month 6 between ITB and BMT arm was assessed. Change=FIM score at month 6 - FIM score at baseline. (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: Baseline and month 6
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| ITB Therapy | 2.68 |
| Best Medical Treatment (BMT) | -2.58 |
Change in Stroke Specific Quality of Life (SS-QoL ) From Baseline to Month 6
"SS-QoL questionnaire is a self-assessed quality of life questionnaire specifically designed for post-stroke patients. It evaluates 49 items across 12-domains: personality, energy, language, mobility, vision, upper extremity function, thinking, mood, work/productivity, self-care, and family and social roles. Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert Scale, measuring either positive or negative response to a statement. Summary score is composed of an unweighted average of the 12 domain scores, with higher scores indicating better QoL. Total score ranges from 1 to 5. Change in SS-QoL summary score from baseline to month 6 between ITB and BMT arm was assessed.~Change=SS-QoL score at month 6 - SS-QoL score at baseline." (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: Baseline and month 6
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| ITB Therapy | 0.26 |
| Best Medical Treatment (BMT) | 0.05 |
Change in Euro QoL Group-5 Dimensional, 3 Level Version (EQ-5D-3L) From Baseline to Month 6
"The EQ-5D-3L is a generic measure of health status consisting in the EQ-5D-3L descriptive system and the EQ visual analogue scale (EQ VAS). The EQ-5D-3L descriptive system is characterized on five dimensions: mobility, self-care, ability to undertake usual activities, pain and anxiety/depression. Patients were asked to indicate their level of health on each dimension using one of three levels: no health problems, moderate health problems, and severe health problems. Responses from the questionnaire were converted to a single health index utility score; this ranges from -0.595 to 1. EQ VAS records the patient's self-rated health on a vertical visual analogue scale from 0 to 100 where the endpoints are labelled 'Best imaginable health state' (100) and 'Worst imaginable health state' (0). Change in EQ-5D-3L utility score and VAS score from baseline to month 6 between ITB and BMT arm were assessed. Change=EQ-5D-3L utility or VAS score at month 6 - EQ-5D-3L utility or VAS score." (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: Baseline and month 6
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Utility Score | VAS | |
| Best Medical Treatment (BMT) | 0.01 | 4.40 |
| ITB Therapy | 0.09 | 9.68 |
Change in Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) From Baseline to Month 6
"NPRS is designed to assess the level of pain a patient is feeling at a point in time. The following questions has been presented to patients: What is your actual spasticity-related or spasm-related pain? What was your least spasticity-related or spasm-related pain during the last week? What was your worst spasticity-related or spasm-related pain during the last week? The patient indicated how much pain he is feeling on a scale from 0 to 10. A score of 0 (zero) is no pain while a score of 10 (ten) is worst possible pain. Change in NPRS related to actual, least or worst pain from baseline to month 6 between ITB and BMT arm was assessed. Change=NPRS at month 6 - NPRS at baseline." (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: Baseline and month 6
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Actual pain | Least Pain | Worst Pain | |
| Best Medical Treatment (BMT) | 0.00 | 0.24 | -0.04 |
| ITB Therapy | -1.17 | -1.61 | -1.35 |
Change in SF-12 (12-item Short Form) From Baseline to Month 6
The SF-12 is generic assessment of health-related quality of life, which evaluates 8 health dimensions (physical functioning, role physical, bodily pain, vitality, social functioning, role emotional, mental health, and general health). Subscale scores for each dimension were aggregated into summary scores for physical (PCS) and mental health (MCS) components (ranging from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health). Changes in the PCS and MCS from baseline to Month 6 were both compared between the BMT and ITB arms. Change=SF-12 score at month 6 - SF-12 score at baseline. (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: Baseline and month 6
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| PCS | MCS | |
| Best Medical Treatment (BMT) | -1.13 | -0.82 |
| ITB Therapy | 3.13 | 1.05 |
Healthcare Resource Utilization
Number of patients with healthcare professional contacts outside of study visits in the ITB and BMT between baseline and months 6 (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: baseline, ITB test (only ITB arm), second assessment (only BMT arm), week 6 (only ITB arm), month 3, month 6
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline : general practitioner | Baseline : neurologist | Baseline : nurse (hospital setting) | Baseline : nurse (home care) | Baseline : orthopedic surgeon | Baseline : other | ITB test:general practitioner | ITB test: neurologist | ITB test :other | Second Assessment: general practitioner | Second Assessment: neurologist | Second Assessment: nurse (home care) | Second Assessment: other | week 6: general practitioner | week 6: nurse (hospital setting) | week 6: other | month 3: general practitioner | month 3: neurologist | month 3: other | month 6: general practitioner | month 6: neurologist | month 6: other | |
| Best Medical Treatment (BMT) | 8 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 13 | NA | NA | NA | 5 | 1 | 1 | 4 | NA | NA | NA | 8 | 3 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 11 |
| ITB Therapy | 14 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 3 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 4 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 1 | 6 | 8 | 3 | 8 |
Number of Participants Who Were Able to Transfer From the Wheelchair to Bed Without Human Assistance
Patient was asked to transfer from the wheelchair to bed without human assistance. High level functional patient (HLP) could transfer. Low level functional patient (LLP) was not able to transfer. Comparison of the number and percentage of HLP and LLP between ITB and BMT arms was evaluated. (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: baseline, month 3, month 6
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline72364475 | Baseline72364476 | Month 372364475 | Month 372364476 | Month 672364475 | Month 672364476 | |||||||
| HLP | LLP | |||||||||||
| ITB Therapy | 22 | |||||||||||
| Best Medical Treatment (BMT) | 24 | |||||||||||
| ITB Therapy | 9 | |||||||||||
| Best Medical Treatment (BMT) | 21 | |||||||||||
| ITB Therapy | 6 | |||||||||||
| ITB Therapy | 19 | |||||||||||
| Best Medical Treatment (BMT) | 19 | |||||||||||
| ITB Therapy | 5 | |||||||||||
| Best Medical Treatment (BMT) | 5 | |||||||||||
Therapy Satisfaction
"Patients were presented with two statements (I am satisfied with the reduction in spasticity provided by my treatment, and I would recommend this therapy to a friend). They agreed, disagreed or were neutral with the statements." (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: month 6
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient Satisfaction with Spasticity Reduction72364475 | Patient Satisfaction with Spasticity Reduction72364476 | Patient Therapy Reccomandation72364475 | Patient Therapy Reccomandation72364476 | |||||||||
| disagree | neutral | agree | ||||||||||
| ITB Therapy | 2 | |||||||||||
| Best Medical Treatment (BMT) | 7 | |||||||||||
| ITB Therapy | 4 | |||||||||||
| ITB Therapy | 16 | |||||||||||
| Best Medical Treatment (BMT) | 11 | |||||||||||
| Best Medical Treatment (BMT) | 5 | |||||||||||
| ITB Therapy | 3 | |||||||||||
| Best Medical Treatment (BMT) | 4 | |||||||||||
| Best Medical Treatment (BMT) | 14 | |||||||||||
PACU Length of Stay in Minutes
(NCT02882854)
Timeframe: Time frame between arrival and discharge in PACU, approximately 90 minutes
| Intervention | minutes (Median) |
|---|---|
| Guanfacine | 128 |
| Placebo | 110 |
Postoperative Nausea Assessment Using 11-point Nausea Scale (nVRS)
PONV assessed using nVRS at 24 hours postop when 0 is no nausea and 10 is worst nausea. (NCT02882854)
Timeframe: 24 hours post op
| Intervention | score on a scale (Median) |
|---|---|
| Guanfacine | 0.00 |
| Placebo | 0.00 |
Postoperative Pain Assessment Using 11-point Visual/Verbal Analog (VAS)
Postoperative pain assessment using VAS at 24 hours postop when 0 is no pain and 10 is worst pain (NCT02882854)
Timeframe: 24 hours postop
| Intervention | score on a scale (Median) |
|---|---|
| Guanfacine | 3 |
| Placebo | 2 |
Total Narcotic Requirement in PACU
Total narcotic requirement in PACU tallied in morphine equivalents during PACU stay (NCT02882854)
Timeframe: Time frame between arrival and discharge in PACU, approximately 90 minutes
| Intervention | morphine equivalents (Median) |
|---|---|
| Guanfacine | 8.75 |
| Placebo | 7.50 |
Maximum Postoperative Pain Assessment Using 11-point Visual/Verbal Analog (VAS)
Maximum postoperative pain assessment assessed in PACU at 15, 30 and 60 minutes after PACU arrival using VAS when 0 is no pain and 10 is worst pain (NCT02882854)
Timeframe: 15, 30, 60 minutes after arriving in PACU
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 minutes after PACU admission72482977 | 15 minutes after PACU admission72482978 | 30 minutes after PACU admission72482977 | 30 minutes after PACU admission72482978 | 60 minutes after PACU admission72482977 | 60 minutes after PACU admission72482978 | |||||||||||||
| Mild (Pain nVRS 1-5) | Moderate/Severe (Pain nVRS 6-10) | None (Pain nVRS 0) | ||||||||||||||||
| Guanfacine | 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 24 | |||||||||||||||||
| Guanfacine | 0 | |||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 5 | |||||||||||||||||
| Guanfacine | 8 | |||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 10 | |||||||||||||||||
| Guanfacine | 18 | |||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 20 | |||||||||||||||||
| Guanfacine | 7 | |||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 6 | |||||||||||||||||
| Guanfacine | 14 | |||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 14 | |||||||||||||||||
| Guanfacine | 12 | |||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 16 | |||||||||||||||||
| Guanfacine | 6 | |||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 13 | |||||||||||||||||
| Guanfacine | 21 | |||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 12 | |||||||||||||||||
Number of Patients With Pain Associated With Injection of Propofol.
"Ten seconds following injection of propofol, subjects were asked Are you having pain at your IV site? Any behavioral signs were noted. Injection pain was assessed using the following four point scale: 0 = no pain; 1 = mild pain (pain reported only in response to questioning and without behavioral signs); 2 = moderate pain (pain reported in response to questioning and accompanied by a behavioral sign, or pain reported spontaneously without questioning); and 3 = severe pain (strong vocal response or response accompanied by facial grimacing, arm withdrawal, or tears)." (NCT01342510)
Timeframe: < 1 minute.
| Intervention | participants reporting pain (Number) |
|---|---|
| Lidocaine | 11 |
| Magnesium | 25 |
| Lidocaine/Magnesium | 15 |
| Control | 18 |
Percentage of Participants Reporting Pain With Injection of Propofol
Following injection of the study drug, 50 mg of propofol will be injected. Ten seconds after propofol, subjects will be asked a standard question about pain. Behavioral signs will be noted. Pain will be assessed using a four point scale: 0=no pain, 1=mild pain (pain reported only in response to questioning and without behavioral signs), 2=moderate pain (pain reported in response to questioning and a behavioral sign, or pain reported without questioning), 3=severe pain (strong vocal response or behavioral response). (NCT01342510)
Timeframe: Approximately 10 seconds following administration of propofol.
| Intervention | percentage of patients reporting pain (Number) |
|---|---|
| Lidocaine | 29 |
| Magnesium | 57 |
| Lidocaine/Magnesium | 41 |
| Control | 46 |
Change in Blood Pressure After Intrathecal Injection of Clonidine.
"Subjects baseline blood pressure (systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)), and blood pressures after clonidine injection was compared against baseline to assess efficacy of clonidine in refractory hypertensive subjects. Subject's blood pressure was monitored continuously after intrathecal injection of clonidine until subjects blood pressure nadir and return to pre clonidine injection level. The mean value reported below are the average changes in blood pressure from baseline (pre clonidine injection) in both SBP and DBP during post clonidine injection blood pressure monitoring for 4 hours.~Blood pressure measurements were collected every 10 minutes for first hour after injection, and every 15 minutes after the first hour, up to 4 hours were averaged to report the change from baseline." (NCT01297335)
Timeframe: Baseline, Every 10 Minutes for first hour after clonidine injection, and every 15 minutes after first hour, until 4 hours after clonidine injection
| Intervention | mm Hg (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Change in mean SBP after clonidine injection | Change in DBP after clonidine injection | |
| Intrathecal Clonidine | 79 | 37 |
Changes in Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Ratings of Sedation and Sensation of Dry Mouth Reported by the Subjects, Pre and 1 Hour Post Injection
Subjects were asked to rate severity of two of the most common side effects of clonidine, sedation and sensation of dry mouth, at pre and post (1 hour after) intrathecal administration of clonidine. The mean changes between pre and post injection VAS ratings of sedation and sensation of dry mouth are reported below. The VAS scale ranges from 1 to 10 cm, with higher values indicating higher level of sedation and higher level of dry mouth. (NCT01297335)
Timeframe: Before clonidine injection (Baseline), and at 1 hour after clonidine injection.
| Intervention | cm (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Change in level of sedation | Change in sensation of dry mouth | |
| Intrathecal Clonidine | 3.36 | 3.47 |
Likert Scale Pain Rating
Likert scale is 11 point digital pain rating system that asks subjects to rate their pain from 0 to 10. Rating of 0 means no pain at all, and in increasing order, 10 would mean worst pain imaginable/ unbearable pain. (NCT01297335)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 1 hour post injection.
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Pre-injection average Likert score | Post-injection average Likert score | |
| Intrathecal Clonidine | 6.5 | 3.6 |
Wound Hyperalgesia Index (WHA) Assessed 48 Hrs After Block Placement in the Different Groups
Determine which of three different TAP formulations (Placebo, TAP, Clo-TAP) has the most beneficial effect on the postoperative area of hyperalgesia 48hrs after the start of the cesarean section. The smaller the area of WHA, assessed in cm2, the better the outcome. Area sizes may range from 0 to any size. (NCT01015807)
Timeframe: 48hrs after CS
| Intervention | cm^2 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1.07 |
| TAP (Bupi) | 1.27 |
| Clo-TAP (Bupi + Clon) | 0.74 |
Reviews
29 reviews available for clonidine and Pain
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Pharmacological interventions for pain and sedation management in newborn infants undergoing therapeutic hypothermia.
Topics: Clonidine; Dexmedetomidine; Humans; Hypothermia, Induced; Infant, Newborn; Morphine Derivatives; Obs | 2022 |
Pharmacology of Common Analgesic and Sedative Drugs Used in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Clonidine; C | 2019 |
Sedation and analgesia to facilitate mechanical ventilation.
Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Benzodiazepines; Clonidine; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Infant; | 2013 |
Analgesia in the surgical intensive care unit.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Amines; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Conduction; Anesthetics, Local; C | 2017 |
The evolution of pain management in the critically ill trauma patient: Emerging concepts from the global war on terrorism.
Topics: Analgesia; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Conduction; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Ste | 2008 |
The evolution of pain management in the critically ill trauma patient: Emerging concepts from the global war on terrorism.
Topics: Analgesia; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Conduction; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Ste | 2008 |
The evolution of pain management in the critically ill trauma patient: Emerging concepts from the global war on terrorism.
Topics: Analgesia; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Conduction; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Ste | 2008 |
The evolution of pain management in the critically ill trauma patient: Emerging concepts from the global war on terrorism.
Topics: Analgesia; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Conduction; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Ste | 2008 |
Alpha2-agonists as analgesic agents.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Humans; Pain | 2009 |
[Clonidine in the treatment of cancer pain].
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics; Clonidine; Humans; Injections, Epidural; Injections, Spinal; | 2008 |
Pain management in the paediatric population: the regulatory situation in Europe.
Topics: Adolescent; Analgesics; Buprenorphine; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Drug and Narcotic Control | 2010 |
Ziconotide combination intrathecal therapy: rationale and evidence.
Topics: Analgesics; Baclofen; Clonidine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Morphine; om | 2010 |
Clonidine: clinical pharmacology and therapeutic use in pain management.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; | 2011 |
Combination spinal analgesic chemotherapy: a systematic review.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Local; Antineoplastic Agents; Cholineste | 2002 |
Pharmacological management of neuropathic pain.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Local; Anticonvulsants; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Baclofen; | 2003 |
Spinal agents for acute pain management.
Topics: Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Chronic Disease; C | 2004 |
The use of neuraxial adjuvant drugs (neostigmine, clonidine) in obstetrics.
Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesics; Cesarean Section; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Clonidine; Female; | 2006 |
MD-354: what is it good for?
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Guanidines; Humans | 2007 |
Clonidine: new research in psychotropic drug pharmacology.
Topics: Aggression; Analgesics; Animals; Anxiety Disorders; Arousal; Avoidance Learning; Behavior, Animal; B | 1981 |
Spinal antinociception: clinical aspects.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesics; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Dru | 1995 |
Clonidine in pain management.
Topics: Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Injections, Epidural; Inj | 1993 |
Neurophysiology of opioid poorly responsive pain.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Central Nervous System; Clonidine; Dextromethorphan; Dextrorphan; Dynor | 1994 |
alpha(2)-adrenergic agonists for regional anesthesia. A clinical review of clonidine (1984-1995).
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Conduction; Clon | 1996 |
alpha(2)-adrenergic agonists for regional anesthesia. A clinical review of clonidine (1984-1995).
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Conduction; Clon | 1996 |
alpha(2)-adrenergic agonists for regional anesthesia. A clinical review of clonidine (1984-1995).
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Conduction; Clon | 1996 |
alpha(2)-adrenergic agonists for regional anesthesia. A clinical review of clonidine (1984-1995).
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Conduction; Clon | 1996 |
alpha(2)-adrenergic agonists for regional anesthesia. A clinical review of clonidine (1984-1995).
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Conduction; Clon | 1996 |
alpha(2)-adrenergic agonists for regional anesthesia. A clinical review of clonidine (1984-1995).
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Conduction; Clon | 1996 |
alpha(2)-adrenergic agonists for regional anesthesia. A clinical review of clonidine (1984-1995).
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Conduction; Clon | 1996 |
alpha(2)-adrenergic agonists for regional anesthesia. A clinical review of clonidine (1984-1995).
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Conduction; Clon | 1996 |
alpha(2)-adrenergic agonists for regional anesthesia. A clinical review of clonidine (1984-1995).
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Conduction; Clon | 1996 |
[The use of sirdalud in painful muscle tonic syndromes].
Topics: Clonidine; Humans; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Muscle Spasticity; Muscle Tonus; Muscular Diseases; Pa | 1997 |
Aquadynia: noradrenergic pain induced by bathing and responsive to clonidine.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Baths; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Female; Human | 1998 |
Alpha 2-agonist agents: a review for CRNAs.
Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Clonidine; Humans; Hypertension; Nurse Anesthetist | 1998 |
Promising non-narcotic analgesic techniques for labour.
Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Clonidine; Epinephrine; Female; Humans; Midazolam; | 1998 |
Management of spasticity, pain, and paroxysmal phenomena in multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Acetates; Amines; Autoimmune Diseases; Baclofen; Benzodiazepines; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Cannabin | 2001 |
Transdermal clonidine.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Analgesics; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Tolerance; | 2000 |
Detoxification of nonopiate drugs in the chronic pain setting and clonidine opiate detoxification.
Topics: Analgesics; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Humans; Pain; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1992 |
The narcotic bowel syndrome.
Topics: Abdomen; Clonidine; Humans; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction; Narcotics; Pain; Substance Withdrawal Syn | 1989 |
Migraine.
Topics: Blood Vessels; Cacao; Cheese; Clonidine; Diet Therapy; Eye Diseases; Food; Headache; Hematologic Dis | 1971 |
Trials
49 trials available for clonidine and Pain
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Clonidine as analgesia during retinopathy of prematurity screening in preterm infants (cloROP): protocol for a randomised controlled trial.
Topics: Analgesia; Analgesics; Clonidine; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premat | 2022 |
Postoperative recovery in preschool-aged children: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial comparing premedication with midazolam, clonidine, and dexmedetomidine.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Anesthesia, General; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Dexme | 2023 |
Effect of Intrathecal Baclofen on Pain and Quality of Life in Poststroke Spasticity.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Baclofen; Benzodiazepines; Clonidine; Dantrolene; Female; Humans; Infusi | 2018 |
Analgesic and sympatholytic effects of low-dose intrathecal clonidine compared with bupivacaine: a dose-response study in female volunteers.
Topics: Adult; Analgesia; Analgesics; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, Local; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Cross- | 2013 |
Central noradrenergic mechanisms and the acute stress response during painful stimulation.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic Neurons; Adult; Brain; Clonidine; Doubl | 2014 |
Effects of topical combinations of clonidine and pentoxifylline on capsaicin-induced allodynia and postcapsaicin tourniquet-induced pain in healthy volunteers: a double-blind, randomized, controlled study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesics; Capsaicin; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; | 2016 |
Involvement of Opioid Receptors and α
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Adult; Bl | 2016 |
Effects of premedication of midazolam or clonidine on perioperative anxiety and pain in children.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Analgesics; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; | 2009 |
Sedation with sufentanil and clonidine in patients undergoing heart catheterization.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analgesics, Opioid | 2011 |
Doxazosin versus tizanidine for treatment of dysfunctional voiding in children: a prospective randomized open-labeled trial.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Anorexia; Child; Chil | 2012 |
Long-term outcomes during treatment of chronic pain with intrathecal clonidine or clonidine/opioid combinations.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Drug The | 2003 |
Perineal analgesic actions of epidural clonidine in cattle.
Topics: Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesics; Animals; Cattle; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Heart | 2003 |
Gabapentin in the management of pentazocine dependence: a potent analgesic--anticraving agent.
Topics: Acetates; Amines; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Clonidine; Cyclohexanecarboxy | 2003 |
Clonidine induced sedation and analgesia--an EEG study.
Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Central Nervous System; Clonidine; Consciousness; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Respon | 2004 |
Clonidine added to bupivacaine enhances and prolongs analgesia after brachial plexus block via a local mechanism in healthy volunteers.
Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Anesthetics, Local; Blood Pressure; Brachial Plexus; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Cros | 2004 |
Oral clonidine premedication exacerbates hypotension following tourniquet deflation by inhibiting noradrenaline release.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Anesthesia, Spinal; Blood Pressure; Clonidin | 2004 |
Effect of oral tizanidine on local-anesthetic infiltration pain during epidural catheterization.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthetics, Local; Catheteriza | 2004 |
Clonidine as a pre-anesthetic agent for flexible bronchoscopy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Blood Pressure; Bronchoscopy; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Heart | 2004 |
Patient-controlled epidural analgesia in labour: the addition of fentanyl or clonidine to bupivacaine.
Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics; Blood Pressure; Bupivacaine; | 2004 |
[Effects of tizanidine for refractory sleep disturbance in disabled children with spastic quadriplegia].
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Disabled Children; | 2004 |
Stability of clonidine in clonidine-hydromorphone mixture from implanted intrathecal infusion pumps in chronic pain patients.
Topics: Analgesics; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Complex Mixtures; Drug Combinations; Drug Stability; Drug St | 2004 |
Clonidine effects on pain evoked SII activity in humans.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; | 2006 |
Clonidine-ephedrine combination reduces pain on injection of propofol and blunts hemodynamic stress responses during the induction sequence.
Topics: Analgesics; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Clonidine; Ephedrine; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Male; Midd | 2006 |
Does clonidine 50 microg improve cervical plexus block obtained with ropivacaine 150 mg for carotid endarterectomy? A randomized, double-blinded study.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amides; Analgesics; Anesthetics, Local; Cervical Plexus; Clonidine; Double- | 2006 |
Effect of clonidine on ICP and on the hemodynamic responses to nociceptive stimuli in patients with brain tumors.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia; Brain Neoplasms; Clonidine; Female; Hemodynamics | 1995 |
Transdermal clonidine compared to placebo in painful diabetic neuropathy using a two-stage 'enriched enrollment' design.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Clonidine; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetic N | 1995 |
A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of tizanidine in the treatment of spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis. United Kingdom Tizanidine Trial Group.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; | 1994 |
Epidural clonidine treatment for refractory reflex sympathetic dystrophy.
Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Blood Pressure; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Heart Rate; Humans; Injections, Epidu | 1993 |
The effects of imipramine, amitriptyline and clonidine administered by iontophoresis on the pain threshold.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Amitriptyline; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Clonidine; Humans | 1995 |
A double-blind randomised comparison of the effects of epidural clonidine, lignocaine and the combination of clonidine and lignocaine in patients with chronic pain.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Analgesia, Epidural; Anesthetics, Local; Chronic Disease; Cl | 1996 |
Extradural clonidine combined with sufentanil and 0.0625% bupivacaine for analgesia in labour.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthet | 1996 |
[Influence of preanesthetic medication on the effect of a local anesthetic tape].
Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Administration, Topical; Adult; Aged; Anesthetics, Local; Anti-Anxiety Agents | 1997 |
Epidural epinephrine and clonidine: segmental analgesia and effects on different pain modalities.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Clonidine; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind M | 1997 |
Intravenous regional clonidine in the management of sympathetically maintained pain.
Topics: Adult; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Pain Measurement | 1998 |
Intrathecal, but not intravenous, clonidine reduces experimental thermal or capsaicin-induced pain and hyperalgesia in normal volunteers.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesics; Blood Pressure; Capsaicin; Clonidine; Double-Blind Met | 1998 |
Intrathecal, but not intravenous, clonidine reduces experimental thermal or capsaicin-induced pain and hyperalgesia in normal volunteers.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesics; Blood Pressure; Capsaicin; Clonidine; Double-Blind Met | 1998 |
Intrathecal, but not intravenous, clonidine reduces experimental thermal or capsaicin-induced pain and hyperalgesia in normal volunteers.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesics; Blood Pressure; Capsaicin; Clonidine; Double-Blind Met | 1998 |
Intrathecal, but not intravenous, clonidine reduces experimental thermal or capsaicin-induced pain and hyperalgesia in normal volunteers.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesics; Blood Pressure; Capsaicin; Clonidine; Double-Blind Met | 1998 |
[Controlled analgesia in a burn patient: fentanyl sparing effect of clonidine].
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Burns; Clonidine; Doubl | 1998 |
Adding clonidine to lidocaine for intravenous regional anesthesia prevents tourniquet pain.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Anesthesia, Conduction; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Loca | 1999 |
Relative potency of epidural to intrathecal clonidine differs between acute thermal pain and capsaicin-induced allodynia.
Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Blood Pressure; Capsaicin; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; H | 2000 |
The efficacy of intrathecal morphine and clonidine in the treatment of pain after spinal cord injury.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Heart Rate; | 2000 |
Open-label dose-titration safety and efficacy study of tizanidine hydrochloride in the treatment of spasticity associated with chronic stroke.
Topics: Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Hand Strength; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscl | 2001 |
Orally administered clonidine significantly reduces pain during injection of propofol.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Chi-Square Distribution; Clonidine; Female; | 2001 |
Effects of an alpha(2)-adrenergic agonist on gastrointestinal transit, colonic motility, and sensation in humans.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Biomechanical Phenomena; Clonidine; Colon; Compliance; Dose-Respon | 2001 |
Continuous intrathecal clonidine administration for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Buprenorphine; Chronic Disea | 2000 |
Clonidine in acute and chronic pain.
Topics: Acute Disease; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Pain | 1992 |
Transdermal clonidine versus placebo in painful diabetic neuropathy.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Aged; Clonidine; Diabetic Neuropathies; Double-Blind Method; Femal | 1992 |
[Analgesic effects of an oral dose of clonidine].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Analgesics; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Humans; Male; Pain; Pain Measure | 1989 |
Prevention of tourniquet pain by spinal isobaric bupivacaine with clonidine.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, Spinal; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Male; Pain | 1989 |
Role of spinal noradrenergic system in transmission of pain in patients with spinal cord injury.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Central Nervous System; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Injections, Epidural; Male; Middle A | 1986 |
A double-blind comparison between epidural morphine and epidural clonidine in patients with chronic non-cancer pain.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Ma | 1988 |
Other Studies
240 other studies available for clonidine and Pain
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Alpha 2-adrenergic agonists/antagonists: the synthesis and structure-activity relationships of a series of indolin-2-yl and tetrahydroquinolin-2-yl imidazolines.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Brain; Clonidine; Imidazoles; Indo | 1987 |
Synthesis and biological evaluation of imidazoline derivatives as potential CNS and CVS agents.
Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Central Nervous System Agents; Depression; Female; Hypertension; I | 2020 |
Inhibition of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 through α
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Animals; Clonidine; Nociception; Pain; Pain Management; Periph | 2021 |
Sympathetic Blocks for Raynaud's Phenomena in Pediatric Rheumatological Disorders.
Topics: Autonomic Nerve Block; Child; Clonidine; Humans; Pain; Raynaud Disease; Rheumatic Diseases | 2022 |
A sequential allocation study to determine the ED
Topics: Anesthesia, Conduction; Anesthetics, Local; Clonidine; Dexmedetomidine; Double-Blind Method; Humans; | 2022 |
Antinociceptive Effects and Interaction Mechanisms of Intrathecal Pentazocine and Neostigmine in Two Different Pain Models in Rats.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Atropine Derivatives; Clonidine; Formaldehyde; Humans; Hyperalgesia; Naloxone; | 2022 |
Stability of Morphine Sulfate-Clonidine and Sufentanil-Clonidine Mixtures.
Topics: Clonidine; Humans; Morphine; Pain; Polypropylenes; Sufentanil | 2023 |
Postinterventional Patient Comfort After Uterine Artery Embolization and Superior Hypogastric Nerve Block.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Local; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Nerve Block; Pain; Pain, Postoper | 2023 |
Impact of dexmedetomidine in conjunction with a weaning protocol on post-surgical opioid use in a neonatal intensive care unit.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Opioid; Clonidine; Dexmedetomidine; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intensive Ca | 2023 |
Clonidine for pain-related distress in Aboriginal children on a penicillin regimen to prevent recurrence of rheumatic fever.
Topics: Adolescent; Australia; Clonidine; Humans; Male; Pain; Penicillins; Recurrence; Rheumatic Fever | 2020 |
Complex regional pain syndrome: intradermal injection of phenylephrine evokes pain and hyperalgesia in a subgroup of patients with upregulated α1-adrenoceptors on dermal nerves.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adult; Aged; Clonidine; | 2018 |
Central hyperadrenergic state after lightning strike.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Anxiety; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Autonomic Nerv | 2013 |
Advantageous safety profile of a dual selective alpha(2C) agonist/alpha(2A) antagonist antinociceptive agent.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Analgesics; Animals; | 2014 |
Activation of α2 adrenoceptors inhibited NMDA receptor-mediated nociceptive transmission in spinal dorsal horn of mice with inflammatory pain.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Animals; Clonidine; Inflammation; Male; Mice; Nociception; Pai | 2014 |
Effect of cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) in the induction and expression of morphine tolerance and dependence in mice.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Clonidine; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dr | 2014 |
Influence of clonidine and ketamine on m-RNA expression in a model of opioid-induced hyperalgesia in mice.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Arrestins; beta-Arrestin 2; beta-Arrestins; Brain; Clonidine; Disease M | 2013 |
α(2) noradrenergic receptor suppressed CaMKII signaling in spinal dorsal horn of mice with inflammatory pain.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Animals; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; C | 2014 |
Analgesia, enhancement of spinal morphine antinociception, and inhibition of tolerance by ultra-low dose of the α2A-adrenoceptor selective antagonist BRL44408.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Analgesia; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; | 2014 |
Morphine and clonidine combination therapy improves therapeutic window in mice: synergy in antinociceptive but not in sedative or cardiovascular effects.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Syne | 2014 |
Intrathecal administration of clonidine or yohimbine decreases the nociceptive behavior caused by formalin injection in the marsh terrapin (Pelomedusa subrufa).
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Analgesics; Animals; | 2014 |
Determination of pharmacological interactions of uliginosin B, a natural phloroglucinol derivative, with amitriptyline, clonidine and morphine by isobolographic analysis.
Topics: Amitriptyline; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Hyp | 2014 |
Clonidine intensifies memantine cutaneous analgesia in response to local skin noxious pinprick in the rat.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Injectio | 2015 |
Evaluation of the Percutaneous Absorption of Ketamine HCl, Gabapentin, Clonidine HCl, and Baclofen, in Compounded Transdermal Pain Formulations, Using the Franz Finite Dose Model.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Aged; Amines; Baclofen; Clonidine; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Drug Comp | 2016 |
Activation of the trigeminal α2-adrenoceptor produces sex-specific, estrogen dependent thermal antinociception and antihyperalgesia using an operant pain assay in the rat.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Estrogens; Female; Hyperalgesia; Male; Ovariectomy; Pain; Pain Measu | 2016 |
Modulation of formalin-induced pain-related behaviour by clonidine and yohimbine in the Speke's hinged tortoise (Kiniskys spekii).
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Formaldehyde; Pain; Turtles; Yohimbine | 2017 |
Dexmedetomidine and ST-91 analgesia in the formalin model is mediated by alpha2A-adrenoceptors: a mechanism of action distinct from morphine.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Dex | 2008 |
Knockout of spinophilin, an endogenous antagonist of arrestin-dependent alpha2-adrenoceptor functions, enhances receptor-mediated antinociception yet does not eliminate sex-related differences.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Anima | 2009 |
[Effects of intrathecal ouabain and tizanidine injection for treatment of neuropathic pain in rats].
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Injections, Spinal; Ouabain; Pain; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sp | 2008 |
Evaluation for the interaction between intrathecal melatonin and clonidine or neostigmine on formalin-induced nociception.
Topics: Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Drug | 2008 |
Acupoint stimulation with diluted bee venom (apipuncture) potentiates the analgesic effect of intrathecal clonidine in the rodent formalin test and in a neuropathic pain model.
Topics: Acupuncture Points; Analgesics; Animals; Bee Venoms; Clonidine; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Respons | 2009 |
Determination of adrenergic and imidazoline receptor involvement in augmentation of morphine and oxycodone analgesia by clonidine and BMS182874.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Area Under Curve; Clonidine; Dansyl Compound | 2009 |
Synergistic antinociception of intrathecal sildenafil with clonidine in the rat formalin test.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Clonidine; Cyclic GMP; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug | 2009 |
Intrathecal administration of clonidine attenuates spinal neuroimmune activation in a rat model of neuropathic pain with existing hyperalgesia.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Biomarkers; Clonidine; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Enzyme Activati | 2009 |
The antinociceptive properties of reboxetine in acute pain.
Topics: Adrenergic Antagonists; Analgesics; Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Clonidine; Disease Models, Anima | 2009 |
The antinociceptive effects of intravenous dexmedetomidine in colorectal distension-induced visceral pain in rats: the role of opioid receptors.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Catheter | 2009 |
[Effects of intrathecal escin and clonidine in the treatment of neuropathic pain in rats].
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Escin; Injections, Spinal; Male; Pain; Random Alloca | 2009 |
Testosterone is essential for alpha(2)-adrenoceptor-induced antinociception in the trigeminal region of the male rat.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Catheterization; Clo | 2009 |
Might adrenergic alpha2C-agonists/alpha2A-antagonists become novel therapeutic tools for pain treatment with morphine?
Topics: Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonis | 2009 |
Activation of spinal alpha-2 adrenoceptors, but not mu-opioid receptors, reduces the intrathecal N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced increase in spinal NR1 subunit phosphorylation and nociceptive behaviors in the rat.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics; Animals; Behavior, A | 2010 |
Antinociceptive synergism of MD-354 and clonidine. Part II. The alpha-adrenoceptor component.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Analgesics; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Guan | 2010 |
Involvement of imidazoline and opioid receptors in the enhancement of clonidine-induced analgesia by sulfisoxazole.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Body Temperature; Clonid | 2010 |
Assessment of patients' satisfaction in carotid surgery under local anaesthesia by psychometrical testing--a prospective cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Local; Anxiety; Cervical Plexus; Clonidine; Endarterecto | 2011 |
Antinociceptive effect of intrathecal ginsenosides through alpha-2 adrenoceptors in the formalin test of rats.
Topics: Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dr | 2011 |
Conditioned place preference reveals tonic pain in an animal model of central pain.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Buprenorphine; Clonidine; Conditioning, Operant; Disease Models, Animal; Electr | 2011 |
Clonidine as adjuvant for oxybuprocaine, bupivacaine or dextrorphan has a significant peripheral action in intensifying and prolonging analgesia in response to local dorsal cutaneous noxious pinprick in rats.
Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Area Under | 2011 |
Low dose alpha-2 antagonist paradoxically enhances rat norepinephrine and clonidine analgesia.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Analgesia; Analgesics | 2011 |
Dexmedetomidine and clonidine inhibit the function of Na(v)1.7 independent of α(2)-adrenoceptor in adrenal chromaffin cells.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Animals; Binding Site | 2011 |
Improved transnasal transport and brain uptake of tizanidine HCl-loaded thiolated chitosan nanoparticles for alleviation of pain.
Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Analgesics; Animals; Cell Line; Chitosan; Clonidine; Mice; Nanoparticles | 2012 |
Intrathecal clonidine in the neonatal rat: dose-dependent analgesia and evaluation of spinal apoptosis and toxicity.
Topics: Age Factors; Analgesics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Behavior, Animal; Carrageenan; Clonid | 2012 |
Ondansetron reverses antihypersensitivity from clonidine in rats after peripheral nerve injury: role of γ-aminobutyric acid in α2-adrenoceptor and 5-HT3 serotonin receptor analgesia.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Analgesia; Animals; Clonidine; Disease Models, Animal; gamma-A | 2012 |
Mechanism-based treatment of pain.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Diabetic Neuropathies; Female; Humans; Male; Nervous System Diseases | 2012 |
Stereo-selective inhibition of spinal morphine tolerance and hyperalgesia by an ultra-low dose of the alpha-2-adrenoceptor antagonist efaroxan.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Analgesics; Animals; Benzofurans | 2013 |
Intrathecal clonidine decreases spinal nitric oxide release in a rat model of complete Freund's adjuvant induced inflammatory pain.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Clonidine; Enzyme Inhibitors; Freu | 2002 |
Clonidine-induced hypertension in a patient with a spinal lesion.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Blood Pressure; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Fructose; Humans; Hype | 2002 |
Modulation of NSAID-induced antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects by alpha2-adrenoceptor agonists with gastroprotective effects.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Clonidine; Drug Synergi | 2002 |
Perineural alpha(2A)-adrenoceptor activation inhibits spinal cord neuroplasticity and tactile allodynia after nerve injury.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Anima | 2002 |
Interactions of NMDA antagonists and an alpha 2 agonist with mu, delta and kappa opioids in an acute nociception assay.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Adrenergic | 2002 |
A pervasive mechanism for analgesia: activation of GIRK2 channels.
Topics: Analgesia; Analgesics; Animals; Baclofen; Benzoxazines; Clonidine; Crosses, Genetic; Ethanol; Female | 2003 |
Contribution of GIRK2-mediated postsynaptic signaling to opiate and alpha 2-adrenergic analgesia and analgesic sex differences.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Female; G Protein-Coupled Inwa | 2003 |
Influence of prazosin and clonidine on morphine analgesia, tolerance and withdrawal in mice.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Behavior, Anim | 2003 |
[Facial anesthetic blocks in the treatment of acute pain during ophthalmic zoster].
Topics: Acute Disease; Adrenergic Agonists; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analgesics; Anesthetics, L | 2003 |
Intrathecal clonidine reduces hypersensitivity after nerve injury by a mechanism involving spinal m4 muscarinic receptors.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Blotting, Western; Clonidine; Elapid Venoms; Elapidae; Injection | 2003 |
Stability and compatibility of morphine-clonidine admixtures in an implantable infusion system.
Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Clonidine; Drug Incompatibility; Drug Stability; Drug Therapy, Combi | 2003 |
Adrenergic regulation of capsaicin-sensitive neurons in dental pulp.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Capsaicin | 2003 |
Allodynia after acute intrathecal morphine administration in a patient with neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Local; Clonidine; Humans; Injectio | 2003 |
Plasticity in action of intrathecal clonidine to mechanical but not thermal nociception after peripheral nerve injury.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics; Animals; Atropine; Aziridines; Behavior, Anima | 2003 |
Intrathecal clonidine and bupivacaine have synergistic analgesia for acute thermally or inflammatory-induced pain in rats.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Do | 2004 |
The monoamine reuptake inhibitor milnacipran does not affect nociception to acute visceral distension in rats.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Catheterization; Clonidine; Colon; Cyclopropanes; Electromyograp | 2004 |
Substance P release in the cat spinal cord upon afferent C-fibre stimulation is not attenuated by clonidine at analgesic doses.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Analgesics; Animals; Cats; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Down-Regu | 2004 |
[Long-term treatment of phantom- and stump pain with Botulinum toxin type A over 12 months. A first clinical observation].
Topics: Amputation Stumps; Amputation, Surgical; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Clonidine; Humans; Injections, In | 2004 |
MD-354 potentiates the antinociceptive effect of clonidine in the mouse tail-flick but not hot-plate assay.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Benzamides; Binding, Competitive; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Clon | 2004 |
Intrathecal clonidine potentiates suppression of tactile hypersensitivity by spinal cord stimulation in a model of neuropathy.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulatio | 2004 |
Clonidine and guanfacine-induced antinociception in visceral pain: possible role of alpha 2/I2 binding sites.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Binding Sites; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Guanfacine; Imidazo | 2004 |
Alpha2-adrenergic receptor subtype specificity of intrathecally administered tizanidine used for analgesia for neuropathic pain.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia; Animals; Clonidine; Disease Models, Animal; Injections, Spinal | 2004 |
Intrathecal clonidine inhibits mechanical allodynia via activation of the spinal muscarinic M1 receptor in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.
Topics: (4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium Chloride; Analgesics; Animals; Atropine; | 2004 |
Stability of admixture containing morphine sulfate, bupivacaine hydrochloride, and clonidine hydrochloride in an implantable infusion system.
Topics: Analgesics; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Complex Mixtures; Drug Combinations; Drug Stability; Drug Storag | 2004 |
Antinociception depends on the presence of G protein gamma2-subunits in brain.
Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Benzoxazines; Brain; Clonidine; GTP-Binding Proteins; Injec | 2005 |
alpha2-Adrenoceptor activation by clonidine enhances stimulation-evoked acetylcholine release from spinal cord tissue after nerve ligation in rats.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Male; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Ad | 2005 |
Mechanisms of analgesic action of neurotropin on chronic pain in adjuvant-induced arthritic rat: roles of descending noradrenergic and serotonergic systems.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Analges | 2005 |
The antinociceptive effect of zolpidem and zopiclone in mice.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Adrenergic | 2005 |
Involvement of nitric oxide in clonidine-induced spinal analgesia.
Topics: Acute Disease; Analgesia; Analgesics; Animals; Arginine; Clonidine; Injections, Spinal; Male; Methyl | 2005 |
Cerebroventricular injection of clonidine causes analgesia mediated by a nitrogen pathway.
Topics: Acute Disease; Analgesia; Analgesics; Animals; Arginine; Cerebral Ventricles; Clonidine; Injections; | 2005 |
Combined therapy with clonidine and amantadine may act in two stages of glutamate-mediated neuropathic pain caused by a needle puncture in an upper extremity.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Amantadine; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Calcium Channel Blockers; Ca | 2005 |
Alpha2-adrenoceptor stimulation transforms immune responses in neuritis and blocks neuritis-induced pain.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Antibody Formation; Clonidine; Cytokines; Hyperalgesia; Leukocyt | 2005 |
Spinal muscarinic and nicotinic subtypes activated by clonidine in postincisional pain.
Topics: Aconitine; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Clonidine; Diamines; Dihydro-beta-E | 2005 |
Antinociception: mechanistic studies on the action of MD-354 and clonidine. Part 1. The 5-HT3 component.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Benzamides; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Clonidin | 2005 |
Perineural clonidine reduces mechanical hypersensitivity and cytokine production in established nerve injury.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Clonidine; Cytok | 2006 |
Stability and compatibility of a meperidine-clonidine mixture in portable pump reservoirs for the management of cancer pain syndromes.
Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Clonidine; Complex Mixtures; Drug Combinations; Drug Stability; Huma | 2006 |
Persistent exercise attenuates nicotine- but not clonidine-induced antinociception in female rats.
Topics: Analgesia; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Female; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Pai | 2006 |
Opioid self-administration in the nerve-injured rat: relevance of antiallodynic effects to drug consumption and effects of intrathecal analgesics.
Topics: Adenosine; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fentanyl; Heroi | 2007 |
Transient allodynia pain models in mice for early assessment of analgesic activity.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Amines; Amitriptyline; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Cyclohexanecarb | 2008 |
Noradrenergic agonist administration into the central nucleus of the amygdala increases the tail-flick latency in lightly anesthetized rats.
Topics: Adrenergic Agonists; Adrenergic Antagonists; Amygdala; Anesthetics; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Respons | 2007 |
Effects of topical application of clonidine cream on pain behaviors and spinal Fos protein expression in rat models of neuropathic pain, postoperative pain, and inflammatory pain.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Analgesics; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Clonidine; Disease Models, Animal; D | 2007 |
The involvement of peripheral alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the antihyperalgesic effect of oxcarbazepine in a rat model of inflammatory pain.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Animals; Carbamazepine; Clonidine; Disease Models, Animal; Dos | 2007 |
Sex-specific modulation of spinal nociception by alpha2-adrenoceptors: differential regulation by estrogen and testosterone.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Area Under C | 2008 |
Tizanidine (DS103-282), a centrally acting muscle relaxant, selectively depresses excitation of feline dorsal horn neurones to noxious peripheral stimuli by an action at alpha 2-adrenoceptors.
Topics: Animals; Binding, Competitive; Brain; Cats; Clonidine; Iontophoresis; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Nor | 1984 |
Studies in the primate on the analgetic effects associated with intrathecal actions of opiates, alpha-adrenergic agonists and baclofen.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia; Animals; Avoidance Learning; Baclofen; Behavior, Animal; Cats; | 1981 |
On the etiopathogenesis of migraine: a possible link between the amines and endorphin hypotheses.
Topics: Adult; Clonidine; Dopamine; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Histamine; Huma | 1982 |
The role of neurotransmitters in stress-induced antinociception (SIA).
Topics: Animals; Apomorphine; Clonidine; Dopamine; Haloperidol; Kinetics; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Nor | 1982 |
Alpha-2 agonists as analgesics.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Clonidine; Endorphins; Guanabenz; Humans; Pain | 1984 |
Narcotic bowel syndrome treated with clonidine. Resolution of abdominal pain and intestinal pseudo-obstruction.
Topics: Abdomen; Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Intestinal Obstruction; Intestinal Ps | 1984 |
Neurotoxicity of new intraspinal agents.
Topics: Analgesia; Clonidine; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Nervous System Diseases; Pain | 1984 |
Effect of alpha 2 adrenergic agents upon central etorphine antinociception in the cat.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Cats; Clonidine; Drug Interactions; Etorphine; Guanfacine; Guani | 1984 |
Supersensitivity of analgesic responses to alpha 2-adrenergic agonists in genetically hypertensive rats.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Hypertension; Male; Naphazoline; Pain; Prazosin; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rec | 1984 |
Inhibition of peptidase degrading endogenous opioids: a new trend in the management of migraine and correlated "pain diseases".
Topics: Brain; Captopril; Clonidine; Cluster Headache; Endorphins; Humans; Migraine Disorders; Nociceptors; | 1983 |
Epidural clonidine.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain | 1984 |
Potentiation of cold-water swim analgesia and hypothermia by clonidine.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Cold Temperature; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electroshock; Hy | 1983 |
Clonidine as analgesic.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Pain | 1983 |
Differential effects of clonidine on pain, arterial blood pressure, and heart rate in the cat: lack of interactions with naloxone.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Cats; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Femal | 1984 |
Chlorpromazine hyperalgesia antagonizes clonidine analgesia, but enhances morphine analgesia in rats tested in a hot-water tail-flick paradigm.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Chlorpromazine; Clonidine; Drug Interactions; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Male; Mo | 1982 |
Antagonization of clonidine- and morphine-promoted antinociception by kainic acid lesion of nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Brain Diseases; Clonidine; Kainic Acid; Male; Morphine; Nociceptors; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbr | 1982 |
The use of clonidine for management of opiate abstinence in a chronic pain patient.
Topics: Adult; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Humans; Levorphanol; Male; Opioid-Related Disorders; Pain; Substa | 1982 |
[Analgesic effect of clopheline].
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cats; Clonidine; Drug Interactions; Hemodynamics; Naloxone; P | 1981 |
Systemic clonidine differentially modulates the abnormal reactions to mechanical and thermal stimuli in rats with peripheral mononeuropathy.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Clonidine; Cold Temperature; Dioxanes; | 1995 |
Analgesic action of acute and chronic intraspinally administered opiate and alpha 2-adrenergic agonists in chronic neuropathic pain.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Ad | 1994 |
Visceral antinociceptive effects of spinal clonidine combined with morphine, [D-Pen2, D-Pen5] enkephalin, or U50,488H.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics | 1995 |
Neither cholecystokinin nor galanin modulate intrathecal clonidine-induced depression of the nociceptive flexor reflex in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Cholecystokinin; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Female; Galanin; Injections, Spinal; Morphine; | 1993 |
Reversal of nerve ligation-induced allodynia by spinal alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists.
Topics: Adrenergic Agonists; Animals; Clonidine; Male; Nerve Compression Syndromes; Pain; Rats; Rats, Spragu | 1995 |
The effects of intrathecal morphine and clonidine on the prevention and reversal of spinal cord hyperexcitability following sciatic nerve section in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Electromyography; Female; Injections, Spinal; Morphine; Muscle, Skeletal; Pain; | 1994 |
Intrathecal morphine and clonidine in the management of spinal cord injury pain: a case report.
Topics: Adult; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Infusion Pumps; Injections, Sp | 1994 |
A comparison of intrathecally administered narcotic and nonnarcotic analgesics for experimental chronic neuropathic pain.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Injection | 1995 |
Noradrenergic and opioid systems interact to alter the detection of noxious thermal stimuli and facial scratching in monkeys.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Adrenergic Antagonists; Animals; Behavior, | 1993 |
The stability of mixtures of morphine hydrochloride, bupivacaine hydrochloride, and clonidine hydrochloride in portable pump reservoirs for the management of chronic pain syndromes.
Topics: Bupivacaine; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Drug Combinations; Drug Stability; Humans; Infusion Pumps; | 1994 |
Should epidural clonidine be used for reflex sympathetic dystrophy?
Topics: Analgesia, Epidural; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Humans; Pain; Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy | 1994 |
Study of the sensitivity of the diabetes-induced pain model in rats to a range of analgesics.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Aspirin; Clonidine; Diabetes Mellitus, Experi | 1994 |
Antinociceptive effects of intrathecal administration of alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists and clonidine in the formalin test in the mouse.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Analgesics; Animals; Body Temperature; Clonidine; Formaldehyde; Inject | 1993 |
The differential effects of morphine and the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists clonidine and dexmedetomidine on the prevention and treatment of experimental neuropathic pain.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Clonidine; Imidazoles; Male; Medetomidine; Morphine; Motor Activ | 1993 |
The rostroventromedial medulla is not involved in alpha 2-adrenoceptor-mediated antinociception in the rat.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Cerebellum; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hot Temperat | 1993 |
Morphine, clonidine coadministration in subanalgesic doses: effective control of tonic pain.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Female; Formaldehyde; Injectio | 1994 |
Comments on topical clonidine for relief from allodynia.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Burns, Electric; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Pain; Skin; Skin Physiological | 1993 |
Clonidine: effects on pre- vs. post-junctional adrenoceptors.
Topics: Clonidine; Humans; Neuromuscular Junction; Pain; Presynaptic Terminals; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha | 1993 |
Effect of naloxone on the habituation of novelty-induced hypoalgesia: the collateral inhibition hypothesis revisited.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Animals; Clonidine | 1993 |
Naloxone potentiation of novelty-induced hypoalgesia: characterization of the alpha-noradrenergic receptor subtype.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Habituation, Psychophysiologic; Male; Naloxone; Pain; Phentolami | 1993 |
Hemodynamic and analgesic actions of epidurally administered clonidine.
Topics: Alfentanil; Clonidine; Depression, Chemical; Epidural Space; Epinephrine; Hemodynamics; Humans; Infu | 1993 |
Alpha-subunit G-protein antisense oligodeoxynucleotide effects on supraspinal (i.c.v.) alpha2-adrenoceptor antinociception in mice.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Azepines; Base Sequence; Cerebral Ventricles; Clonidine; GTP-Bin | 1996 |
Analysis of the mechanisms underlying the antinociceptive effect of the extracts of plants from the genus Phyllanthus.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Analgesics; Animals; Arginine; Capsaicin; C | 1995 |
Long-term intrathecal administration of midazolam and clonidine.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Adolescent; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Clonidine; Female; Humans; | 1996 |
Pain relief with low-dose intravenous clonidine in a child with severe burns.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Burns; Child; Clonidine; Drug Therapy, Combination; H | 1996 |
[Cancer pain: beneficial effect of ketamine addition to spinal administration of morphine-clonidine-lidocaine mixture].
Topics: Aged; Analgesics; Catheters, Indwelling; Clonidine; Drug Combinations; Drug Synergism; Female; Human | 1996 |
Spinal morphine/clonidine antinociceptive synergism: involvement of G proteins and N-type voltage-dependent calcium channels.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Calcium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels; Clonidine; Drug Sy | 1996 |
Effects of intrathecal vs. systemic clonidine in treating chronic allodynia-like response in spinally injured rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Female; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Injections, Spinal; Ischemi | 1996 |
Spinal administration of adrenergic agents produces analgesia in amphibians.
Topics: Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Clonidine; Epinephrine; Imidazoles; Injections, Spinal; Medetomid | 1996 |
Synergistic antinociceptive interactions of morphine and clonidine in rats with nerve-ligation injury.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Sy | 1997 |
Effects of intrathecal nonnarcotic analgesics on chronic tactile allodynia in rats: alpha 2-agonists versus somatostatin analog.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Injections, Spinal; Male; Octreotide; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reaction | 1997 |
An assessment of the peripheral antinociceptive potential of remoxipride, clonidine and fentanyl in sheep using the forelimb tourniquet.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Clonidine; Dopamine Antagonists; Drug Evalua | 1997 |
Spinal infusion of N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist MK801 induces hypersensitivity to the spinal alpha-2 agonist ST91 in the rat.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Clonidine; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | 1997 |
Antinociceptive interaction of intrathecal alpha2-adrenergic agonists, tizanidine and clonidine, with lidocaine in rats.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics; Animals; Blood Pressure | 1997 |
Involvement of supraspinal GABA-ergic systems in clonidine-induced antinociception in the tail-pinch test in mice.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Analgesics; Animals; Baclofen; Bicuculline; Clonidine; GABA An | 1997 |
Pain management with spinal and epidural analgesia.
Topics: Acute Disease; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; C | 1997 |
Enhanced antinociception of clonidine in spontaneously hypertensive rats involves a presynaptic noradrenergic mechanism.
Topics: Adrenergic Agents; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Benzylamines; Clonidine; Hypertension; In Vitro | 1998 |
Endogenous opioid peptides acting at mu-opioid receptors in the dorsal horn contribute to midbrain modulation of spinal nociceptive neurons.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Bicuculline; Clonidine; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-M | 1998 |
The cold plate as a test of nociceptive behaviors: description and application to the study of chronic neuropathic and inflammatory pain models.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Cold | 1998 |
Glaucomatocyclitic crisis in a child.
Topics: Adolescent; Clonidine; Corneal Edema; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glaucoma; | 1998 |
Distribution, tolerability and tissue compatibility of intrathecal tizanidine in the sheep.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Behavior, A | 1998 |
Intrathecal neostigmine, but not sympathectomy, relieves mechanical allodynia in a rat model of neuropathic pain.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Injections, Spinal; Male; Neostigmine; Pain; Pain Management; Parasympathomimeti | 1998 |
Midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) inhibits nociceptive inputs to sacral dorsal horn nociceptive neurons through alpha2-adrenergic receptors.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Bicuculline; Clonidine; Excitatory | 1998 |
Role of spinal NO in antiallodynic effect of intrathecal clonidine in neuropathic rats.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Enzyme Inhibitors; Injections, Spinal; Ma | 1998 |
Value of presenting the time-course of pain relief in analgesic trials.
Topics: Analgesics; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Humans; Pain; Sufentanil; Time Fact | 1998 |
Intrathecal clonidine alleviates allodynia in neuropathic rats: interaction with spinal muscarinic and nicotinic receptors.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Injections, Spinal; Male; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptor | 1999 |
The effect of alpha2-adrenergic drugs on the activity of neurons in the rat nucleus raphe magnus in vitro.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Brain Stem; Clonidine; Dose-Respon | 1999 |
Effects of intrathecal morphine, clonidine and baclofen on allodynia after partial sciatic nerve injury in the rat.
Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Baclofen; Clonidine; Cold Temperature; Dose-Response Relati | 1999 |
Effects of the I(1) imidazoline/alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor agonist moxonidine in comparison with clonidine in the formalin test in rats.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Adrenergic alpha-Agon | 2000 |
Successful treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy by bier block with lidocaine and clonidine.
Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Conduction; Anesthetics, Local; Cardiography, Impedance; Clonidine; Female; Human | 1999 |
Role of spinal muscarinic and nicotinic receptors in clonidine-induced nitric oxide release in a rat model of neuropathic pain.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Clonidine; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Nicotinic Antagonists; | 2000 |
Towards identifying optimal doses for alpha-2 adrenergic modulation of colonic and rectal motor and sensory function.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Autonomic Nervous System; Clonidine; Colon; Colonic Diseases, Func | 2000 |
Pharmacologic reversal of pertussis toxin-induced thermal allodynia in mice.
Topics: Animals; Carbamazepine; Clonidine; Desipramine; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dose-Response Relationship, Dru | 2000 |
Gel for neuropathy studied.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Clonidine; Female; Gels; HIV Infection | 2000 |
Spinal mechanisms underlying A-85380-induced effects on acute thermal pain.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Azetidines; Behavior, Animal; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heteroc | 2000 |
Cardiovascular responses to clonidine in alcohol withdrawal: are they related to psychopathology and mental well-being?
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Affect; Alcoholism; Anxiety; Blood Pressure; Central Nervous Syste | 2000 |
The analgesic interaction between intrathecal clonidine and glutamate receptor antagonists on thermal and formalin-induced pain in rats.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, | 2001 |
Antinociceptive interaction between spinal clonidine and lidocaine in the rat formalin test: an isobolographic analysis.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Calcium Channels; Clonidine; Dose-Response R | 2001 |
P75-expressing elements are necessary for anti-allodynic effects of spinal clonidine and neostigmine.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Analgesics; Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Cholinergic Agents; Clonidine; Hindlimb; | 2001 |
The antinociceptive effect of intrathecal administration of epibatidine with clonidine or neostigmine in the formalin test in rats.
Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocy | 2001 |
Role of calcium channels in the spinal transmission of nociceptive information from the mesentery.
Topics: 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl e | 2001 |
Intravenous clonidine use in a neonate experiencing opioid-induced myoclonus.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Clonidine; Gastroschisis; Humans; Infant; Infusions, | 2001 |
Synergistic effects between intrathecal clonidine and neostigmine in the formalin test.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Clonidine; | 2001 |
The synergistic interaction between midazolam and clonidine in spinally-mediated analgesia in two different pain models of rats.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Clonidine | 2001 |
Intrathecal carbachol and clonidine produce a synergistic antiallodynic effect in rats with a nerve ligation injury.
Topics: Animals; Carbachol; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Ligation; Male; Pai | 2002 |
Effect of alpha-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists on imipramine-induced antinociception in the rat formalin test.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; | 2002 |
Potent antinociceptive effects of clonidine systemically administered in an experimental model of clinical pain, the arthritic rat.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Analgesics; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Arthritis, Experimental; Clo | 1992 |
Cerebrospinal fluid kinetics of epidural clonidine in man.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Clonidine; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Injections, Epidural; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Ra | 1992 |
[The antinociceptive effects of fentanyl, midazolam and clonidine and their interactions in the spinal dorsal horn].
Topics: Animals; Cats; Clonidine; Drug Combinations; Drug Synergism; Fentanyl; Injections, Spinal; Male; Mid | 1992 |
A comparison of two epidural alpha 2-agonists, guanfacine and clonidine, in regard to duration of antinociception, and ventilatory and hemodynamic effects in goats.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Goats; Guanfacine; Hemodynamics; Injections, Epidu | 1992 |
Clonidine and yohimbine modulate the effects of naloxone on novelty-induced hypoalgesia.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Environment; Male; Naloxone; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reaction Time; Yo | 1992 |
Topical application of clonidine relieves hyperalgesia in patients with sympathetically maintained pain.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Hyperalgesia; Norepinephrine; Pain; Phe | 1991 |
[Pharmacological regulation of opioidergic antinociceptive mechanisms].
Topics: Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Endorphins; Male; Mice; Morphine; Naloxone; | 1991 |
The antinociceptive effects of spinally administered neuropeptide Y in the rat: systematic studies on structure-activity relationship.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Clonidine; Dioxanes; Dose-Response Relation | 1991 |
[Neurophysiological mechanisms of the antihypertensive effect of clopheline in pain].
Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Cats; Clonidine; Hemodynamics; Pain; Pain Measurement; Vasomotor S | 1991 |
Naloxone-induced hypoalgesia: effects of noradrenergic antagonists and agonist.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Hot Temperature; Male; Naloxone; Norepinephrine; Pain; Prazosin; Propranolol; Ra | 1991 |
Intrathecal administration of clonidine suppresses autotomy, a behavioral sign of chronic pain in rats after sciatic nerve section.
Topics: Animals; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Nails | 1991 |
Involvement of dopamine in the mechanism of action of FR64822, a novel non-opioid antinociceptive compound.
Topics: Acetates; Acetic Acid; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Dopamine; Dopamine Antagonists; Male; Mice; M | 1991 |
Cholera toxin and pertussis toxin on opioid- and alpha 2-mediated supraspinal analgesia in mice.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; beta-Endorphin; Cerebral Ventricles; Cholera Toxin; Clonidine; Enkephalin, Ala(2 | 1991 |
Antinociceptive effects of intrathecal adrenoceptor agonists in a rat model of visceral nociception.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Dioxane | 1990 |
Interaction of intrathecal morphine and ST-91 on antinociception in the rat: dose-response analysis, antagonism and clearance.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; | 1990 |
Spinal antinociceptive synergy between clonidine and morphine, U69593, and DPDPE: isobolographic analysis.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Benzeneacetamides; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5) | 1990 |
Effects of intrathecal morphine, clonidine, and midazolam on the somato-sympathoadrenal reflex response in halothane-anesthetized cats.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Animals; Catecholamines; Cats; Clonidine; Female; Halothane; | 1990 |
Antinociceptive interactions between intrathecally administered alpha noradrenergic agonists and 5'-N-ethylcarboxamide adenosine.
Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide); Analgesia; Animals; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Dose-Re | 1990 |
Clonidine reverses methylxanthine-induced potentiation of baclofen antinociception.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Animals; Baclofen; Clonidine; Drug Interactions; Male; Neural Pathways; | 1985 |
Substance P-induced long-term blockade of spinal adrenergic analgesia: reversal by morphine and naloxone.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Clonidine; Kinetics; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Norepinephrine; Pain; Rats; Rats, | 1987 |
Failure of epidural opioid to control cancer pain in a patient previously treated with massive doses of intravenous opioid.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Bupivacaine; Cecal Neoplasms; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Hydromorphone; Infusions, I | 1989 |
Potency of infused spinal antinociceptive agents is inversely related to magnitude of tolerance after continuous infusion.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, Leu | 1989 |
Intrathecal clonidine suppresses noxiously evoked activity of spinal wide dynamic range neurons in cats.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Blood Pressure; Cats; Clonidine; Decerebrate State; Drug Combinations; Female; | 1989 |
[Incidence of tourniquet pain from spinal anesthesia with a combination of bupivacaine and clonidine].
Topics: Anesthesia, Spinal; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Drug Combinations; Humans; Intraoperative Complications; | 1989 |
[Intrathecal clonidine--how does it work in spinal fentanyl analgesia in rats?].
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Analgesia, Epidural; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Female; Fentanyl | 1989 |
[Thoracolumbar or sacral epidural administration of clonidine in deafferentation pain: possibilities, limits and long-term follow-up].
Topics: Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Injections, Epidural; Pain; Spinal Cord Injur | 1989 |
[The use of clofelin in the acute period of myocardial infarct].
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Clonidine; Hemodynamics; Humans; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Pain | 1989 |
Epidural clonidine in lower limb deafferentation pain.
Topics: Adult; Clonidine; Humans; Injections, Epidural; Leg; Male; Pain; Peripheral Nerve Injuries | 1989 |
[Effects of clopheline on impulse activity of neurons in the midbrain and dorsal horn of the spinal cord].
Topics: Animals; Cats; Clonidine; Mesencephalon; Naloxone; Neurons; Nociceptors; Pain; Prazosin; Spinal Cord | 1989 |
Noradrenergic mechanisms in mediation of stress-induced hyperalgesia in rats.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Clonidine; Diazepam; Norepinephrine; Pain; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; S | 1988 |
Comparison of alpha-adrenoceptor involvement in the antinociceptive action of tizanidine and clonidine in the mouse.
Topics: Acetates; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Analgesics; Animals; Catecholamines; Clonidine; Male; Mice; | 1986 |
[Analgesia with an implanted device for repetitive intrathecal injections of morphine].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aspirin; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Humans; Injections, Sp | 1985 |
Selective inhibition of responses of feline dorsal horn neurones to noxious cutaneous stimuli by tizanidine (DS103-282) and noradrenaline: involvement of alpha 2-adrenoceptors.
Topics: Animals; Cats; Clonidine; Female; Male; Neurons, Afferent; Norepinephrine; Pain; Receptors, Adrenerg | 1985 |
Evidence for alpha adrenoceptor modulation of the nociceptive jaw-opening reflex in rats and rabbits.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Clonidine; Dental Pulp; Electromyography; Jaw; Male; Pain; Rabbits; Rats; Rats, | 1986 |
Neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of spinal noradrenergic terminals: nociception, clonidine analgesia and spinal alpha two adrenoceptors.
Topics: Adrenergic Fibers; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Hydroxydopamines; Norepinephrine; Oxidopamine; Pa | 1987 |
Spinal cord alpha 2-adrenoceptors may be located postsynaptically with respect to primary sensory neurons: destruction of primary C-afferents with neonatal capsaicin does not affect the number of [3H]clonidine binding sites in mice.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Capsaicin; Clonidine; Mice; Nerve Fibers; Neural Inhibition; Neurons, Aff | 1987 |
The use of clonidine for the treatment of meperidine withdrawal in a multidisciplinary pain program setting. A case presentation.
Topics: Adult; Clonidine; Combined Modality Therapy; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Meperidin | 1987 |
Role of ascending and descending noradrenergic pathways in the antinociceptive effect of baclofen and clonidine.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Baclofen; Central Nervous System; Clonidine; Efferent Pathways; Hydroxyd | 1986 |
[Relationship between clonidine analgesia and the calcium cation].
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Calcium Chloride; Clonidine; Egtazic Acid; Male; Pain; Radioligand Assay; Rats; | 1987 |
Pain after spinal intrathecal clonidine. An adverse interaction with tricyclic antidepressants?
Topics: Aged; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Clonidine; Drug Interactions; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Ma | 1988 |
Intrathecal morphine and clonidine: antinociceptive tolerance and cross-tolerance and effects on blood pressure.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Tolerance; Injections, Spinal | 1988 |
Colorectal distension as a noxious visceral stimulus: physiologic and pharmacologic characterization of pseudaffective reflexes in the rat.
Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Autonomic Nervous System; Behavior, Animal; Cardiovascular Physiological Pheno | 1988 |
Analgesic effects of intrathecally applied noradrenergic compounds in the developing rat: differences due to thermal vs mechanical nociception.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Clonidine; Hot Temperature; Injections, Spinal; Nociceptors; N | 1988 |
Idazoxan blocks the action of noradrenaline but not spinal inhibition from electrical stimulation of the locus coeruleus and nucleus Kolliker-Fuse of the cat.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Cats; Clonidine; Dioxanes; Dioxins; Electric Stimulation; Idazoxan; Locu | 1988 |
Selective breeding for levorphanol-induced antinociception on the hot-plate assay: commonalities in mechanism of action with morphine, pentazocine, ethylketocyclazocine, U-50488H and clonidine in mice.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesia; | 1987 |
Mutual potentiation of antinociceptive effects of morphine and clonidine on motor and sensory responses in rat spinal cord.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Female; Injections, Spinal; Morphine; Nerve F | 1987 |
Enhancement of clonidine-induced analgesia by lesions induced with spinal and intracerebroventricular administration of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine.
Topics: 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine; Analgesia; Animals; Central Nervous System; Clonidine; Dihydroxytryptamines | 1987 |
Clonidine-induced myalgia.
Topics: Clonidine; Humans; Muscular Diseases; Pain | 1987 |
Oral clonidine for proctalgia fugax.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Clonidine; Humans; Male; Pain; Rectal Diseases | 1987 |
Learned and pharmacologically-induced tolerance to ethanol and cross-tolerance to morphine and clonidine.
Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Ethanol; Learning; Morphine; Pain; Rats; | 1986 |
Clonidine and diabetic patients with leg pains.
Topics: Clonidine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Leg; Male; Middle Aged; Pain | 1986 |
Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma concentrations of clonidine in pigs after epidural, intravenous and intramuscular administration.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, Gas; Clonidine; Injections, Epidural; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections | 1986 |
[Effect of locus coeruleus stimulation on unit discharge of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus in rats].
Topics: Animals; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus; Clonidine; Electric Stimulation; Electrophysiology; Hypoth | 1985 |
Involvement of spinal and supraspinal structures in tizanidine-induced antinociceptive action.
Topics: Animals; Avoidance Learning; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred S | 1986 |
Effects of clonidine on neuronal firing evoked by a noxious stimulus.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Electrophysiology; Isoquinolines; Male; Neurons; Norepinephrine; Pain; Physical | 1985 |
Association between hypoalgesia and hypertension in rats after short-term isolation.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Disease Models, Animal; Heart Rate; Hypertension; Male; Naloxone; Pain; Rats; Ra | 1985 |
Some experimental pain indices and their applications in the study of analgesic mechanisms.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Clonidine; Dental Pulp; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Po | 1985 |
Locus coeruleus lesions in the rat enhance the antinociceptive potency of centrally administered clonidine but not morphine.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Morphine; Norepinephrine; Pain; Periaqueductal Gray; Rats | 1985 |
Analgesia produced by clonidine in mice and rats.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Exophthalmos; | 1974 |
[Etiology and therapy of the parotid gland syndrome].
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Chewing Gum; Clonidine; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Eating; Humans; Neostigmine | 1973 |
[Psychopharmacologic profile of prazepam].
Topics: Aggression; Animals; Avoidance Learning; Benzazepines; Clonidine; Cyclopropanes; Depression, Chemica | 1972 |