G-rich single-stranded DNA binding

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Binding to G-rich, single-stranded DNA. [GOC:hjd, PMID:8493094]

G-rich single-stranded DNA binding is a crucial molecular function involved in various cellular processes, particularly DNA replication, repair, and recombination. G-quadruplexes, formed by the self-assembly of guanine-rich sequences into highly stable four-stranded structures, play a central role in this function.

The formation of G-quadruplexes can alter the DNA structure, creating unique binding sites for various proteins involved in DNA metabolism. These proteins, often called G-quadruplex-binding proteins, recognize and bind to G-quadruplexes, influencing their stability and function.

G-quadruplex formation can either promote or inhibit DNA replication depending on the location and structure of the G-quadruplex. In some cases, G-quadruplexes act as barriers to DNA replication, halting the progression of replication forks. Conversely, other G-quadruplexes can act as signals that recruit specific proteins to initiate replication.

In DNA repair, G-quadruplexes are implicated in the recognition of damaged DNA regions and the recruitment of repair machinery. This recognition and recruitment is facilitated by the interaction of G-quadruplex-binding proteins with the damaged DNA.

Finally, G-quadruplexes are also involved in DNA recombination, a process that involves the exchange of genetic material between chromosomes. The formation of G-quadruplexes can modulate recombination by influencing the binding of specific proteins involved in this process.

Overall, G-rich single-stranded DNA binding, mediated by the formation of G-quadruplexes, plays a critical role in regulating DNA metabolism. This function is crucial for maintaining genomic integrity and ensuring the accurate replication, repair, and recombination of DNA.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (1)