retromer complex binding

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Binding to a retromer complex. [GOC:bc, GOC:PARL, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:27385586]

The retromer complex is a protein complex involved in the trafficking of cargo proteins from endosomes back to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). This retrograde transport pathway is essential for maintaining the proper distribution of proteins within the cell and is crucial for a variety of cellular functions, including:

* **Sorting and recycling of transmembrane proteins:** Retromer recognizes and binds to specific sorting signals on cargo proteins, facilitating their retrieval from endosomes and transport back to the TGN. These cargo proteins include transmembrane receptors, lysosomal enzymes, and other proteins involved in various cellular processes.
* **Regulation of receptor signaling:** By controlling the recycling of receptors, retromer indirectly regulates the strength and duration of signaling pathways. For example, retromer can modulate the levels of signaling receptors at the cell surface, thereby affecting the sensitivity of cells to external stimuli.
* **Maintenance of organelle integrity:** Retromer plays a role in maintaining the integrity of organelles, such as endosomes and the TGN. By ensuring the proper trafficking of proteins, retromer helps to regulate the size, shape, and function of these compartments.
* **Cellular homeostasis:** The retromer complex contributes to overall cellular homeostasis by ensuring the proper distribution and function of proteins involved in various cellular processes.

The retromer complex is composed of three subunits: a cargo-binding subunit (VPS26-VPS29-VPS35), a sorting nexin subunit (SNX), and a dimerization subunit (Vps26-Vps29-Vps35). The cargo-binding subunit recognizes and binds to the sorting signals on cargo proteins, while the sorting nexin subunit interacts with the endosomal membrane and recruits other proteins involved in the trafficking process. The dimerization subunit helps to assemble the complex and stabilize its structure.

Retromer complex binding involves a multistep process that begins with the recognition of sorting signals on cargo proteins. These sorting signals are typically short amino acid sequences that are located in the cytoplasmic tails of transmembrane proteins. The cargo-binding subunit of retromer recognizes these sorting signals and binds to the cargo protein, initiating the sorting process.

Once bound to the cargo protein, retromer recruits other proteins involved in trafficking, such as the small GTPase Rab7 and the clathrin adaptor protein AP-1. These proteins help to mediate the formation of transport vesicles that bud from the endosome and carry the cargo protein back to the TGN.

The retromer complex plays a critical role in the trafficking of proteins within the cell and is essential for maintaining the proper function of various cellular processes. Defects in retromer function can lead to a variety of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders and lysosomal storage diseases.'
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Proteins (2)

Compounds (6)