TORC2 complex binding

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Binding to a TORC2 complex. [GOC:TermGenie, PMID:20660630]

The TORC2 complex, a crucial component of the Target of Rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway, is involved in a diverse range of cellular processes, including cell growth, survival, metabolism, and cytoskeletal organization. Its molecular function is primarily centered around the regulation of protein phosphorylation, impacting various downstream effectors and cellular processes.

**Key Aspects of TORC2 Complex Binding and Function:**

* **Activation of AGC Kinases:** TORC2 complex serves as a central hub for the activation of AGC (cAMP-dependent, cGMP-dependent, and protein kinase C) kinases, particularly PKB/Akt, SGK, and serum- and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase (SGK). This activation occurs through direct phosphorylation of these kinases at specific residues, enabling their subsequent signaling functions.
* **Regulation of Cellular Growth and Metabolism:** The activation of PKB/Akt by TORC2 plays a pivotal role in promoting cell growth, survival, and glucose homeostasis. Akt activation leads to downstream signaling cascades that enhance protein synthesis, inhibit apoptosis, and regulate glucose uptake and metabolism.
* **Cytoskeletal Organization and Cell Motility:** TORC2 complex contributes to the organization of the actin cytoskeleton, a key component of cell shape and motility. Through its activation of the PKC family of kinases, TORC2 influences actin polymerization and depolymerization, impacting cell migration and adhesion.
* **Lipid Metabolism and Membrane Trafficking:** TORC2 complex influences lipid metabolism by regulating the synthesis of phosphoinositides, signaling lipids involved in membrane trafficking and cell signaling. It also affects membrane trafficking by directly interacting with and phosphorylating components of the endocytic machinery.
* **Stress Response and Survival:** TORC2 complex plays a role in cellular responses to stress, particularly oxidative stress. It promotes cell survival by activating PKB/Akt and inhibiting the apoptotic pathway, mitigating damage caused by stress.

**Specific Molecular Mechanisms:**

* **Phosphorylation:** TORC2 complex directly phosphorylates AGC kinases, including Akt, at specific residues within their activation loop. This phosphorylation event promotes conformational changes within the kinases, enabling their catalytic activity and subsequent downstream signaling.
* **Interaction with Scaffolding Proteins:** TORC2 interacts with various scaffolding proteins, such as rictor and mLST8, which contribute to its localization and proper assembly. These interactions facilitate the recruitment of substrates to the TORC2 complex and enhance its signaling efficiency.
* **Membrane Association:** TORC2 complex is typically localized to the plasma membrane and other intracellular membranes. This localization is critical for its function, as it allows for direct interaction with its substrates and signaling partners.

**Overall, the molecular function of the TORC2 complex is multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of protein phosphorylation, interactions with scaffolding proteins, and membrane association. These mechanisms contribute to its diverse roles in regulating cellular processes, including growth, survival, metabolism, and cytoskeletal organization.**'
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Proteins (2)

Compounds (11)