Target type: molecularfunction
Removes a phospholipid from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle. [GOC:krc, PMID:20823909, PMID:24220498, PMID:25797198]
Phospholipid transfer activity is a fundamental molecular function involved in the dynamic movement of phospholipids between different cellular membranes. This process is crucial for maintaining membrane integrity, regulating membrane fluidity, and facilitating various cellular processes.
Phospholipid transfer proteins (PLTPs) are responsible for mediating this activity. These proteins exhibit a high degree of specificity for particular phospholipid classes, enabling the targeted transfer of specific lipids between different membrane compartments. The mechanism of transfer involves the binding of a phospholipid molecule to the PLTP, followed by its translocation across the membrane bilayer to a recipient membrane.
The specific molecular mechanisms underlying phospholipid transfer activity vary depending on the PLTP involved. Some PLTPs utilize a "chaperone" mechanism, wherein they bind and escort a phospholipid molecule from one membrane to another. Other PLTPs employ a "flip-flop" mechanism, where they facilitate the movement of a phospholipid across a membrane by transiently inserting themselves into the membrane bilayer.
Phospholipid transfer activity is essential for a wide range of cellular processes, including:
- Membrane biogenesis and remodeling: PLTPs play a critical role in the assembly and maintenance of cellular membranes by transferring phospholipids to newly forming or existing membranes.
- Signal transduction: Some PLTPs participate in signal transduction pathways by transferring specific phospholipids, such as phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), to signaling proteins.
- Vesicle trafficking: PLTPs contribute to the formation and fusion of vesicles by transferring phospholipids to vesicle membranes.
- Lipid metabolism: PLTPs can mediate the transfer of phospholipids between different organelles involved in lipid metabolism, such as the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.
Dysregulation of phospholipid transfer activity can lead to various pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein large subunit | A microsomal triglyceride transfer protein large subunit that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:HJD, UniProtKB:P55157] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| nevirapine | nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection. Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS. | cyclopropanes; dipyridodiazepine | antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| efavirenz | efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection. efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor | acetylenic compound; benzoxazine; cyclopropanes; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound | antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| bms201038 | BMS201038: an anticholesteremic agent and microsomal triglycide transfer protein inhibitor lomitapide : A member of the class of benzamides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 9-[4-(4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)butyl]-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-9H-fluorene-9-carboxamide. Used (as its mesylate salt) as a complement to a low-fat diet and other lipid-lowering treatments in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; benzamides; fluorenes; piperidines | anticholesteremic drug; MTP inhibitor |
| dirlotapide | dirlotapide: structure in first source | ||
| jnj-31020028 |