sequence-specific single stranded DNA binding

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Binding to single-stranded DNA of a specific nucleotide composition. [PMID:9531483]

Sequence-specific single-stranded DNA binding is a molecular function that involves the recognition and interaction of proteins with specific sequences of single-stranded DNA. These proteins, often referred to as single-stranded DNA binding proteins (SSBs), play crucial roles in various cellular processes, including DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription.

The mechanism of sequence-specific single-stranded DNA binding typically involves the formation of non-covalent interactions between amino acid residues in the protein and specific nucleotides in the DNA strand. These interactions can include hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, and hydrophobic interactions. The specific amino acid residues involved in the interaction are often located in defined domains or motifs within the protein.

Here is a detailed description of the molecular function:

- **Recognition:** The protein recognizes a specific sequence within the single-stranded DNA through a combination of interactions between its amino acid residues and the nucleotide bases. The sequence specificity is determined by the arrangement and identity of the amino acid residues within the protein's binding domain.
- **Binding:** Once the specific sequence is recognized, the protein binds to the DNA strand. This binding event usually involves the formation of a stable complex between the protein and the DNA. The strength of the interaction depends on the specific sequence, the protein's affinity for the DNA, and the environmental conditions.
- **Modulation:** After binding, the protein can modulate the properties of the DNA strand. This modulation can involve several effects:
- **Protection:** The protein can protect the single-stranded DNA from degradation by nucleases. This protection is essential for maintaining the integrity of the DNA during replication, repair, and other processes.
- **Stabilization:** The protein can stabilize the single-stranded DNA structure, preventing it from folding into secondary structures that could interfere with its function.
- **Regulation:** The protein can regulate the access of other proteins to the DNA. This regulation is important for controlling the timing and efficiency of DNA-related processes.

The molecular function of sequence-specific single-stranded DNA binding is essential for maintaining the integrity and function of the genome. These proteins play critical roles in a wide range of cellular processes, and their dysfunction can lead to various genetic disorders and diseases.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (11)