Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H4 L-lysine (position 16) = CoA + histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 16). This reaction represents the addition of an acetyl group to the lysine at position 16 of histone H4. [EC:2.3.1.48]
Histone H4K16 acetyltransferase activity refers to the enzymatic ability to catalyze the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) to the lysine residue at position 16 (K16) of histone H4. This modification, known as acetylation, plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression and chromatin structure.
Histone acetylation is a dynamic process, with histone acetyltransferases (HATs) responsible for adding acetyl groups and histone deacetylases (HDACs) removing them. Acetylation of histone H4 at lysine 16 (H4K16ac) is generally associated with increased gene transcription. This is because acetylation neutralizes the positive charge of lysine residues, weakening the interaction between histone tails and DNA, and making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors.
Specifically, H4K16 acetylation can:
* **Alter chromatin structure:** By reducing the positive charge of histone tails, H4K16 acetylation promotes a more open and accessible chromatin conformation, making it easier for transcription factors to bind to DNA and initiate transcription.
* **Recruit transcription factors:** H4K16ac can act as a binding site for specific transcription factors and co-activators, further promoting gene expression.
* **Influence DNA replication and repair:** H4K16 acetylation is also involved in regulating DNA replication and repair processes.
The precise mechanism by which H4K16 acetylation impacts these cellular processes is complex and involves interactions with various proteins and regulatory pathways. However, its essential role in gene regulation and chromatin dynamics makes it a crucial target for research in areas such as cancer, development, and aging.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Histone acetyltransferase KAT8 | A histone acetyltransferase KAT8 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9H7Z6] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Histone acetyltransferase KAT8 | A histone acetyltransferase KAT8 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9H7Z6] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Histone acetyltransferase KAT5 | A histone acetyltransferase KAT5 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q92993] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4-aminophenol | 4-aminophenol : An amino phenol (one of the three possible isomers) which has the single amino substituent located para to the phenolic -OH group. 4-aminophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd | aminophenol | allergen; metabolite |
| 1-nitronaphthalene | 1-nitronaphthalene : A mononitronaphthalene substituted by a nitro group at position 1. 1-nitronaphthalene: RN given refers to cpd with locant for nitro moiety in 1 position mononitronaphthalene : A nitronaphthalene carrying a single nitro group at unspecified position. nitronaphthalene : A nitroarene that is naphthalene substituted by at least one nitro group. | mononitronaphthalene | environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite |
| phenylhydrazine | phenylhydrazines | xenobiotic | |
| 4-chloroaniline | 4-chloroaniline : A chloroaniline in which the chloro atom is para to the aniline amino group. 4-chloroaniline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | chloroaniline; monochlorobenzenes | |
| 1-naphthylamine | 1-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at position 1. 1-Naphthylamine: A suspected industrial carcinogen (and listed as such by OSHA). Its N-hydroxy metabolite is strongly carcinogenic and mutagenic. naphthylamine : A primary arylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at unspecified position. | naphthylamine | human xenobiotic metabolite |
| 4-fluoroaniline | 4-fluoroaniline : A primary arylamine that is the derivative of aniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been substituted by fluorine. It is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, herbicides and plant growth regulators. 4-fluoroaniline: chemical intermediate manufactured by the Halex process; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source | fluoroaniline; primary arylamine | |
| phenylhydrazine hydrochloride | phenylhydrazine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of phenylhydrazine and hydrogen chloride. | hydrochloride | |
| epigallocatechin gallate | (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin. epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis) | flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| 4-fluorobenzylamine | |||
| 4-hydroxyquinoline | 4-quinolone : A quinolone that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 4. | monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone | |
| coenzyme a | adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate | coenzyme; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite | |
| anacardic acid | anacardic acid : A hydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by a pentadecyl group at position 6. It is a major component of cashew nut shell liquid and exhibits an extensive range of bioactivities. anacardic acid: isolated from Anacardium occidentale; monophenol monooxygenase inhibitor | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybenzoic acid | anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| 2-hydroxy-6-[(8Z,11Z)-pentadeca-8,11,14-trien-1-yl]benzoic acid | hydroxybenzoic acid | ||
| 1,2-bis(isothiazol-5-yl)disulfane | 1,2-bis(isothiazol-5-yl)disulfane: structure in first source |