Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of the reaction: (2R)-2-phosphoglycerate = (2R)-3-phosphoglycerate; this reaction mechanism uses 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate as a phosphate donor. [EC:5.4.2.11]
2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase activity catalyzes the reversible interconversion of 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG) to 2-phosphoglycerate (2PG) in the presence of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG). This reaction is a key step in glycolysis, the central metabolic pathway for glucose breakdown. The enzyme utilizes a two-step mechanism involving a ping-pong bi-bi reaction. In the first step, the enzyme binds 2,3-BPG and 3PG, forming a ternary complex. 2,3-BPG acts as a coenzyme and facilitates the transfer of the phosphate group from the 3-position of 3PG to a histidine residue on the enzyme, forming an enzyme-bound phosphohistidine intermediate. In the second step, the enzyme releases 2,3-BPG and binds 2PG. The phosphate group is then transferred from the phosphohistidine intermediate to the 2-position of 2PG, generating the product, 2PG. The enzyme also requires a divalent metal ion, such as magnesium, for activity. The activity of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase is regulated by the concentration of 2,3-BPG, which is increased under conditions of low oxygen availability. This increased concentration of 2,3-BPG shifts the equilibrium of the reaction towards the formation of 2PG, which is a less efficient substrate for subsequent enzymes in glycolysis. This ultimately leads to a decrease in the production of ATP, but also increases the release of oxygen from hemoglobin, providing more oxygen to tissues in need.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 | A phosphoglycerate mutase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P18669] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| xanthone | xanthone : The parent compound of the xanthone class consisting of xanthene bearing a single oxo substituent at position 9. | xanthones | insecticide |
| epigallocatechin gallate | (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin. epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis) | flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| alizarin red s | alizarin red S : An organic sodium salt having 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-sulfonate as the counterion. It is commonly used to stain embryo skeletons in cleared whole mounts, usually of small mammals. Alizarin Red S: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | organic sodium salt; organosulfonate salt | histological dye |
| mangostin | alpha-mangostin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3 and 6, a methoxy group at position 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumour activities. mangostin: xanthone from rind of Garcinia mangostana Linn. fruit | aromatic ether; phenols; xanthones | antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite |
| gamma-mangostin | gamma-mangostin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antitumour activity. | phenols; xanthones | antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor |