Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 9) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 9). [EC:2.3.1.48]
Histone H3K9 acetyltransferase activity is a critical molecular function involved in the regulation of gene expression. It refers to the enzymatic ability to transfer an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to the lysine residue at position 9 (K9) of histone H3. This modification, known as acetylation, alters the structure of chromatin, the complex of DNA and proteins that packages the genome. Acetylation of histone H3K9 generally leads to a more relaxed chromatin state, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors and promoting gene transcription. Conversely, deacetylation of histone H3K9 can lead to a more condensed chromatin state, suppressing gene expression.
The process of histone H3K9 acetylation is catalyzed by enzymes called histone acetyltransferases (HATs). These enzymes specifically recognize and bind to the histone H3 tail, facilitating the transfer of the acetyl group. HATs play a crucial role in various cellular processes, including development, differentiation, and response to stress. Dysregulation of histone H3K9 acetylation has been linked to various diseases, including cancer and neurodevelopmental disorders.
Specifically, acetylation at histone H3K9 can:
- Promote the recruitment of transcription factors and coactivators to the DNA, facilitating gene expression.
- Reduce the affinity of chromatin for repressive proteins, leading to a more open chromatin structure.
- Alter the binding of other histone modifications, creating a complex regulatory landscape on the chromatin.
Therefore, histone H3K9 acetyltransferase activity plays a pivotal role in controlling gene expression by influencing chromatin structure and accessibility. It is a dynamic process tightly regulated by various factors, ensuring proper gene expression and cellular function.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Histone acetyltransferase KAT2B | A histone acetyltransferase KAT2B that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q92831] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Histone acetyltransferase KAT2A | A histone acetyltransferase KAT2A that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q92830] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4-aminophenol | 4-aminophenol : An amino phenol (one of the three possible isomers) which has the single amino substituent located para to the phenolic -OH group. 4-aminophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd | aminophenol | allergen; metabolite |
| embelin | embelin : A member of the class of dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones that is 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone which is substituted by an undecyl group at position 3. Isolated from Lysimachia punctata and Embelia ribes, it exhibits antimicrobial, antineoplastic and inhibitory activity towards hepatitis C protease. embelin: from Embelia fruit (Myrsinaceae) | dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones | antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| plumbagin | plumbagin : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are substituted by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively. plumbagin: a superoxide anion generator | hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone; phenols | anticoagulant; antineoplastic agent; immunological adjuvant; metabolite |
| ferrocin c | N-methyl-2-quinolone: structure in first source | ||
| epigallocatechin gallate | (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin. epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis) | flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| coenzyme a | adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate | coenzyme; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite | |
| anacardic acid | anacardic acid : A hydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by a pentadecyl group at position 6. It is a major component of cashew nut shell liquid and exhibits an extensive range of bioactivities. anacardic acid: isolated from Anacardium occidentale; monophenol monooxygenase inhibitor | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybenzoic acid | anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| 2-(3-Chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydroisothiazol-3-one | organofluorine compound | ||
| guttiferone e | guttiferone E: isolated from the fruits of Garcinia pyrifera collected in Malaysia; structure in first source | ||
| 2-hydroxy-6-[(8Z,11Z)-pentadeca-8,11,14-trien-1-yl]benzoic acid | hydroxybenzoic acid | ||
| 3-furancarboxylic acid, tetrahydro-4-methylene-5-oxo-2-propyl-, (2r,3s)-rel- | gamma-lactone | ||
| i-bet726 | |||
| 1,2-bis(isothiazol-5-yl)disulfane | 1,2-bis(isothiazol-5-yl)disulfane: structure in first source |