phosphatidylinositol phosphate 5-phosphatase activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Catalysis of the removal of the 5-phosphate group of a phosphatidylinositol phosphate. [GOC:elh]

Phosphatidylinositol phosphate 5-phosphatases (PIP5Ps) are a family of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the phosphate group at the 5' position of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). This reaction converts PIP2 to phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PIP), a crucial step in the regulation of various cellular processes, including:

- **Signal transduction:** PIP2 is a key component of signal transduction pathways, acting as a substrate for phospholipase C, which cleaves it into diacylglycerol and inositol trisphosphate. These second messengers mediate downstream signaling events, such as calcium mobilization and protein kinase activation.
- **Membrane trafficking:** PIP2 is involved in the regulation of membrane trafficking events, including vesicle fusion and endocytosis. It interacts with various proteins involved in these processes, including clathrin, dynamin, and the AP-2 complex.
- **Actin cytoskeleton dynamics:** PIP2 plays a role in regulating the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton, which is responsible for cell shape, movement, and division. It interacts with various actin-binding proteins, such as profilin and WASP, modulating their activity.
- **Cell growth and proliferation:** PIP2 is also involved in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation. It interacts with signaling molecules, such as Ras and PI3K, that control these processes.

By converting PIP2 to PIP, PIP5Ps effectively regulate the levels of these crucial signaling molecules, thus influencing various cellular functions. PIP5Ps are highly regulated enzymes, with their activity modulated by factors such as phosphorylation, protein-protein interactions, and membrane localization. Their dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and neurological disorders.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (7)