palmitoyl-CoA 9-desaturase activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + AH2 + O2 = palmitoleic acid (16:1delta9) + A + 2 H2O. [GOC:kmv, PMID:16443825]

Palmitoyl-CoA 9-desaturase activity is a crucial step in the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), particularly oleic acid (C18:1), a major component of animal and plant fats. This enzymatic activity involves the introduction of a double bond between the 9th and 10th carbon atoms of the palmitoyl-CoA molecule, a saturated 16-carbon fatty acyl-CoA. The reaction is catalyzed by a family of enzymes called fatty acyl-CoA desaturases, which utilize molecular oxygen and reducing equivalents like NADH or NADPH to perform the desaturation process. The mechanism involves a complex series of electron transfer reactions that lead to the formation of a carbon-carbon double bond. This desaturation reaction is essential for maintaining cell membrane fluidity, influencing the physical properties of lipids, and regulating various cellular processes like signal transduction, gene expression, and immune responses. Palmitoyl-CoA 9-desaturase activity also contributes to the synthesis of other MUFAs, which serve as precursors for various bioactive lipid mediators and play critical roles in regulating metabolism and inflammation.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (3)