amine N-methyltransferase activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + an amine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a methylated amine. [EC:2.1.1.49]

Amine N-methyltransferase activity is a critical enzymatic function involved in the transfer of a methyl group from a donor molecule, typically S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), to an amine substrate. This process leads to the formation of a methylamine derivative and S-adenosyl homocysteine (SAH) as a byproduct. The methylated amine product can have significantly altered properties compared to its precursor, impacting its biological function.

This enzymatic activity plays a diverse role in various biological processes, including:

- **Neurotransmitter synthesis:** Many neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, are synthesized through amine N-methyltransferase activity. These neurotransmitters regulate mood, behavior, and cognitive function.
- **Hormone synthesis:** Hormones like melatonin, which regulates sleep-wake cycles, are also synthesized by amine N-methyltransferases.
- **Detoxification:** Some amine N-methyltransferases participate in detoxifying harmful substances by converting them into less toxic forms.
- **Cellular signaling:** Methylated amines can act as signaling molecules, mediating cellular processes like cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis.
- **Gene regulation:** Methylation of DNA and histone proteins, regulated by amine N-methyltransferases, can affect gene expression.

The specificity of amine N-methyltransferases is determined by their active site, which interacts with specific amine substrates. This specificity enables them to catalyze a diverse array of reactions with distinct biological outcomes.

Overall, amine N-methyltransferase activity is a fundamental molecular process with broad implications for cellular function and organismal physiology.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (4)