Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 2'-deoxynucleoside = ADP + 2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-phosphate. [EC:2.7.1.145]
Deoxynucleoside kinase activity is a crucial molecular function involved in the metabolism of DNA precursors. It catalyzes the phosphorylation of deoxyribonucleosides (dNs), which are the building blocks of DNA. This phosphorylation process is essential for converting inactive dNs into their active forms, known as deoxyribonucleoside monophosphates (dNMPs). dNMPs serve as substrates for subsequent enzymatic reactions, including the synthesis of DNA.
Deoxynucleoside kinases exhibit substrate specificity, meaning that they preferentially phosphorylate specific dNs. For instance, some deoxynucleoside kinases specifically phosphorylate deoxyadenosine (dA), while others prefer deoxyguanosine (dG) or deoxycytidine (dC).
This enzymatic activity is crucial for maintaining a balanced pool of dNMPs, which is essential for proper DNA replication and repair. Dysregulation of deoxynucleoside kinase activity can lead to various diseases, including cancer and immune deficiencies.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Thymidine kinase 2, mitochondrial | A thymidine kinase 2, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O00142] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| cytarabine | beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent | |
| thymine arabinoside | thymine arabinoside: selectively inhibits replication of herpes simplex virus | N-glycosyl compound | |
| 5-propyl-2'-deoxyuridine | 5-propyl-2'-deoxyuridine: RN given refers to parent cpd | ||
| sorivudine | organic molecular entity | ||
| 9-arabinofuranosylguanine | 9-arabinofuranosylguanine: RN given refers to (beta)-isomer 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylguanine : A purine nucleoside in which guanine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. It inhibits DNA synthesis and causes cell death. | beta-D-arabinoside; purine nucleoside | antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor |