Target type: molecularfunction
Enables the transfer of carnitine across a membrane. Carnitine is a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane. [GOC:ai]
Carnitine transmembrane transporter activity is a vital molecular process that facilitates the movement of carnitine across cellular membranes. Carnitine is a quaternary ammonium compound that plays a crucial role in fatty acid metabolism. Specifically, it acts as a carrier molecule for long-chain fatty acids, transporting them from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria, where they undergo beta-oxidation to generate energy. This process is essential for maintaining energy production, particularly during periods of fasting or exercise. Carnitine transmembrane transporters are integral membrane proteins that form channels or pores through which carnitine can pass. These transporters exhibit high specificity for carnitine, ensuring that only this essential metabolite is transported across the membrane. The transport process is typically coupled with the movement of other ions or molecules, such as sodium or protons, creating an electrochemical gradient that drives the movement of carnitine. The activity of carnitine transmembrane transporters is tightly regulated, ensuring that the appropriate amount of carnitine is transported to meet the metabolic demands of the cell. Dysregulation of this activity can lead to various metabolic disorders, highlighting the importance of this molecular function in maintaining cellular and organismal health.'
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Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
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Solute carrier family 22 member 16 | A solute carrier family 22 member 16 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q86VW1] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Solute carrier family 22 member 5 | An organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O76082] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Solute carrier family 22 member 4 | A solute carrier family 22 member 4 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9H015] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Solute carrier family 22 member 16 | A solute carrier family 22 member 16 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q86VW1] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Solute carrier family 22 member 5 | An organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O76082] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
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carnitine | amino-acid betaine | human metabolite; mouse metabolite | |
tetraethylammonium | Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90) | quaternary ammonium ion | |
cephaloridine | cefaloridine : A cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C. Cephaloridine: A cephalosporin antibiotic. | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative | antibacterial drug |
ergothioneine | ergothioneine thione form : A L-histidine derivative that is N(alpha),N(alpha),N(alpha)-trimethyl-L-histidine in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the imdazole ring is replaced by a thioxo group. | 1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones; amino-acid betaine; L-histidine derivative; sulfur-containing amino acid | antioxidant; chelator; fungal metabolite; plant metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite |
cefepime | cefepime : A cephalosporin bearing (1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. Cefepime: A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including those of the abdomen, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and skin. It is effective against PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA and may also be used in the empiric treatment of FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA. | cephalosporin; oxime O-ether | antibacterial drug |
acetylcarnitine | O-acetyl-L-carnitine : An O-acyl-L-carnitine where the acyl group specified is acetyl. It facilitates movement of acetyl-CoA into the matrices of mammalian mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids. | O-acetylcarnitine; saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine | human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |