Target type: molecularfunction
Enables the transfer of calcium (Ca) ions from one side of a membrane to the other. [GOC:dgf, RHEA:29671]
Calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity is a molecular function that describes the movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) across cellular membranes. This process is crucial for a wide range of cellular processes, including:
- **Signal transduction:** Calcium ions act as second messengers, transmitting signals from the cell surface to the interior, triggering various cellular responses.
- **Muscle contraction:** Calcium ions bind to proteins in muscle cells, facilitating the interaction of actin and myosin filaments, leading to muscle contraction.
- **Neurotransmission:** Calcium ions are involved in neurotransmitter release at synapses, allowing communication between neurons.
- **Cellular homeostasis:** Calcium ion transport maintains the appropriate calcium concentration within cells, which is essential for proper functioning.
- **Cell growth and differentiation:** Calcium ions regulate gene expression and cell cycle progression.
Calcium ion transmembrane transporters are proteins embedded in the cell membrane that facilitate the movement of calcium ions across the membrane. These transporters can operate via different mechanisms, including:
- **Active transport:** Using energy to move calcium ions against their concentration gradient, from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration.
- **Passive transport:** Facilitating the movement of calcium ions down their concentration gradient, from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.
The specific mechanism of calcium ion transport varies depending on the transporter protein and its cellular location. For instance, some transporters pump calcium ions out of the cell, while others bring calcium ions into the cell.
Calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity is tightly regulated to ensure proper calcium homeostasis within cells. Dysregulation of these transporters can lead to various diseases, including muscle disorders, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 | A sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q93084] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 | An inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q14643] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 | An inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q14571] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone | 2,5-di-tert-butylbenzene-1,4-diol : A member of the class of hydroquinones that is benzene-1,4-diol substituted by tert-butyl groups at position 2 and 5. | hydroquinones | |
| paxilline | paxilline : An indole diterpene alkaloid with formula C27H33NO4 isolated from Penicillium paxilli. It is a potent inhibitor of large conductance Ca2(+)- and voltage-activated K(+) (BK)-type channels. paxilline: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2R-(2alpha,4bbeta,6aalpha,12bbeta,12calpha,14abeta))-isomer | diterpene alkaloid; enone; organic heterohexacyclic compound; terpenoid indole alkaloid; tertiary alcohol | anticonvulsant; Aspergillus metabolite; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; genotoxin; geroprotector; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; potassium channel blocker |
| inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate | Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin. | myo-inositol trisphosphate | mouse metabolite |
| curcumin | curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa. Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes. | aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol | anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger |
| alpha-cyclopiazonic acid | alpha-cyclopiazonic acids |