methylglyoxal synthase activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Catalysis of the reaction: glycerone phosphate = methylglyoxal + phosphate. [EC:4.2.3.3, RHEA:17937]

Methylglyoxal synthase activity is a crucial enzymatic function involved in the production of methylglyoxal (MGO), a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound. MGO is primarily generated from the non-oxidative decarboxylation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), a key intermediate in glycolysis. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme methylglyoxal synthase, which is also known as glyoxalase I.

The molecular function of methylglyoxal synthase involves the following steps:

1. **Substrate Binding:** The enzyme binds to DHAP, aligning it in the active site.
2. **Proton Abstraction:** A base within the active site removes a proton from the hydroxyl group at the C-2 position of DHAP.
3. **C-C Bond Cleavage:** The carbon-carbon bond between the C-1 and C-2 positions of DHAP is broken, resulting in the release of carbon dioxide (CO2).
4. **Product Formation:** The remaining fragment, a two-carbon compound, undergoes tautomerization to form methylglyoxal (MGO).

Methylglyoxal synthase activity is tightly regulated, as MGO is a highly reactive and potentially toxic molecule. Its production is linked to various cellular processes, including glycolysis, oxidative stress, and the regulation of gene expression. In some cases, MGO can contribute to cellular damage and disease development, such as diabetic complications. However, MGO also plays a role in physiological processes, such as the detoxification of reactive oxygen species and the regulation of inflammation.

The regulation of methylglyoxal synthase activity is important for maintaining cellular homeostasis and preventing harmful levels of MGO accumulation.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (2)