Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to a substrate. [GOC:mah]
S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase activity is a critical enzymatic function involved in the transfer of a methyl group from the universal methyl donor S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) to a specific substrate. This process is essential for various cellular processes, including:
- **DNA methylation:** Methylation of DNA bases, particularly cytosine, plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression. This methylation pattern can influence chromatin structure and accessibility, thereby affecting transcription.
- **RNA methylation:** Methylation of various RNA species, including messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), can impact RNA stability, translation, and processing.
- **Protein methylation:** Methylation of proteins can modify their structure, function, and interactions with other molecules. This modification can influence protein activity, localization, and stability.
- **Histone methylation:** Methylation of histone proteins, which package DNA in the nucleus, can regulate chromatin structure and gene expression. Different methylation patterns on histone tails can lead to either activation or repression of transcription.
- **Lipid methylation:** Methylation of lipids can modify their structure and function, playing a role in cell signaling and membrane integrity.
The mechanism of S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase activity involves the binding of both SAM and the substrate to the enzyme's active site. The enzyme then facilitates the transfer of a methyl group from SAM to the substrate, forming S-adenosyl homocysteine (SAH) as a byproduct. The specificity of the reaction is determined by the amino acid sequence of the enzyme, which dictates the type of substrate it recognizes and methylates.
These diverse functions of S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases highlight their significance in various cellular processes, making them important targets for drug development and understanding human health and disease.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 7 | A protein arginine N-methyltransferase 7 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9NVM4] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SUV39H1 | A histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SUV39H1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O43463] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| gliotoxin | gliotoxin : A pyrazinoindole with a disulfide bridge spanning a dioxo-substituted pyrazine ring; mycotoxin produced by several species of fungi. Gliotoxin: A fungal toxin produced by various species of Trichoderma, Gladiocladium fimbriatum, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Penicillium. It is used as an immunosuppressive agent. | dipeptide; organic disulfide; organic heterotetracyclic compound; pyrazinoindole | antifungal agent; EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; proteasome inhibitor |
| s-adenosylhomocysteine | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine : An organic sulfide that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-homocysteine. S-Adenosylhomocysteine: 5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions. | adenosines; amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine derivative; homocysteines; organic sulfide | cofactor; EC 2.1.1.72 [site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific)] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.79 (cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase) inhibitor; epitope; fundamental metabolite |
| verticillins | verticillins: 3 antibiotics isolated from imperfect fungus Verticillium: verticillin A, verticillin B (mono-3-hydroxymethyl analog of verticillin A), & verticillin C (differs from verticillin B in that 1 of dioxopiperazine rings has a trisulfide rather than a disulfide bridge; active against gram-positive bacteria & mycobacteria but not against gram-negative bacteria & fungi; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF; structure (verticillins A & B)) | ||
| chetomin | |||
| epz004777 | N-glycosyl compound | ||
| gsk343 | GSK343 : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1-isopropyl-1H-indazole-4-carboxamide in which the nitrogen of the carboxamide group is substituted by a (6-methyl-2-oxo-4-propyl-1,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl)methyl group and in which the indazole ring is substituted at position 6 by a 2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-4-yl group. A highly potent and selective EZH2 inhibitor (IC50 = 4 nM). GSK343: an EZH2 methyltransferase inhibitor | aminopyridine; indazoles; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; pyridone; secondary carboxamide | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.1.1.43 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) inhibitor |