Target type: molecularfunction
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Folate derivative (out) + anion (in) = folate derivative (in) + anion (out). The Reduced Folate Carrier (RCF(SLC19A1) acts by an antiport mechanism. RCF carries several folate derivatives: MTX, PMX, ratitrexed, pralatrexate, 5-methyl THF, and 5-formyl THF. [GOC:mtg_transport, PMID:21568705, PMID:24745983, TC:2.A.48]
Folate:monoatomic anion antiporter activity refers to the transport of folate, a crucial vitamin essential for various metabolic processes, across cell membranes. This transport is mediated by specific membrane proteins that act as antiporters, facilitating the exchange of folate for another monoatomic anion. The process is driven by the electrochemical gradient of the monoatomic anion, which is typically chloride or bicarbonate.
Folate is a crucial cofactor for several enzymatic reactions, particularly those involved in nucleotide biosynthesis, DNA synthesis, and repair. By transporting folate into cells, these antiporters ensure a steady supply of this vital vitamin.
The mechanism of folate:monoatomic anion antiporter activity involves the following steps:
1. **Binding:** Folate binds to a specific site on the antiporter protein located on the extracellular side of the membrane.
2. **Conformation change:** The binding of folate induces a conformational change in the protein, exposing a binding site for the monoatomic anion on the intracellular side.
3. **Exchange:** The monoatomic anion binds to the intracellular site, facilitating the release of folate into the cell.
4. **Return to initial state:** The protein returns to its initial conformation, ready for another round of transport.
The activity of folate:monoatomic anion antiporters is crucial for maintaining cellular folate levels, which are essential for normal growth, development, and cell function. Defects in these transporters can lead to folate deficiency, which can result in various health problems, including anemia, neural tube defects, and cardiovascular disease.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Reduced folate transporter | A reduced folate transporter that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P41440] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| methotrexate | dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines | abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent | |
| 10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin | 10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin: structure in first source pralatrexate : A pteridine that is the N-4-[1-(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)pent-4-yn-2-yl]benzoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid. Used for treatment of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, an aggressive form of non-Hodgkins lymphoma. | N-acyl-L-glutamic acid; pteridines; terminal acetylenic compound | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor |
| raltitrexed | N-acyl-amino acid | ||
| pemetrexed | pemetrexed disodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT). | N-acyl-L-glutamic acid; pyrrolopyrimidine | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor |