calcium:sodium antiporter activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Ca2+(in) + Na+(out) = Ca2+(out) + Na+(in). [GOC:curators, PMID:16371597]

Calcium-sodium antiporters are transmembrane proteins that mediate the coupled transport of calcium ions (Ca2+) and sodium ions (Na+) across cell membranes. This transport process is driven by the electrochemical gradients of both ions, meaning that the movement of one ion down its concentration gradient provides the energy for the movement of the other ion against its gradient. The specific stoichiometry of the exchange can vary depending on the antiporter, but the general principle is that the movement of sodium ions into the cell is coupled to the movement of calcium ions out of the cell. This process plays a crucial role in maintaining calcium homeostasis within cells, which is essential for a wide range of cellular processes, including muscle contraction, neurotransmitter release, and signal transduction. Calcium-sodium antiporters are particularly important in cells that have high calcium permeability, such as neurons and muscle cells. They help to remove excess calcium from the cytoplasm, preventing calcium overload and potentially harmful effects. The activity of calcium-sodium antiporters can be regulated by various factors, including changes in membrane potential, intracellular calcium concentration, and phosphorylation status. This regulation allows for fine-tuning of calcium levels within cells and ensures proper cellular function.'
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Proteins (2)

Compounds (1)