dicarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity
Definition
Target type: molecularfunction
Enables the transfer of dicarboxylic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. A dicarboxylic acid is an organic acid with two COOH groups. [GOC:ai]
Dicarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity is a molecular function that describes the ability of a protein to facilitate the movement of dicarboxylic acids across cellular membranes. Dicarboxylic acids are organic acids containing two carboxyl groups (-COOH). These molecules are essential for various metabolic processes in the body, including energy production, biosynthesis, and detoxification.
Transporters involved in this activity utilize a variety of mechanisms to move dicarboxylic acids across the membrane. Some transporters use active transport, which requires energy to move the molecules against their concentration gradient. Others use passive transport, which allows the movement of molecules down their concentration gradient without the expenditure of energy.
The specific substrates transported by dicarboxylic acid transmembrane transporters vary depending on the transporter. Some transporters are highly specific for certain dicarboxylic acids, while others have broader substrate specificity.
Examples of dicarboxylic acids transported by these transporters include:
* Succinate: A key intermediate in the citric acid cycle, which is responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP.
* Malate: Another intermediate in the citric acid cycle, involved in energy production and carbon metabolism.
* Fumarate: An intermediate in the citric acid cycle, also involved in the synthesis of certain amino acids.
* Oxaloacetate: A key intermediate in the citric acid cycle and gluconeogenesis (the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors).
* Adipate: A dicarboxylic acid used in the synthesis of certain plastics and resins.
The activity of dicarboxylic acid transmembrane transporters is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis by ensuring the appropriate intracellular levels of these important metabolites. Dysregulation of these transporters can lead to various disease states, including metabolic disorders, neurological disorders, and cancer.'
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Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Solute carrier family 13 member 3 | A Na(+)/dicarboxylate cotransporter 3 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q8WWT9] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (1)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| succinic acid | succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle. Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851) | alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid | anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent |