Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-lysine + tRNA(Lys) = AMP + diphosphate + L-lysyl-tRNA(Lys). [EC:6.1.1.6]
Lysine-tRNA ligase activity is a crucial enzymatic process that plays a fundamental role in protein synthesis. It involves the specific recognition and attachment of the amino acid lysine to its cognate transfer RNA (tRNA), forming a lysine-tRNA complex. This complex serves as a crucial intermediate in the translation process, ensuring the accurate incorporation of lysine residues into the growing polypeptide chain.
The enzyme responsible for this activity, lysine-tRNA ligase, exhibits a high degree of specificity towards both lysine and its corresponding tRNA. It typically employs a two-step reaction mechanism:
1. **Adenylation:** The enzyme first activates lysine by converting it to lysyl adenylate (Lys-AMP), consuming one molecule of ATP. This step involves the formation of a high-energy ester bond between lysine and AMP.
2. **tRNA Aminoacylation:** The activated lysyl adenylate is then transferred to the 3'-end of the specific tRNA molecule, forming a lysyl-tRNA complex. This transfer reaction occurs at the acceptor stem of the tRNA, a region containing a CCA sequence. The process is highly specific and ensures that lysine is only attached to its corresponding tRNA.
The lysine-tRNA ligase activity is essential for maintaining the accuracy of translation. It ensures that the correct amino acid is delivered to the ribosome, where it can be incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain. Errors in this process can lead to misfolded proteins or protein dysfunction, potentially contributing to various diseases.
The enzyme's activity is tightly regulated to ensure efficient and accurate protein synthesis. It can be influenced by various factors, including the availability of substrates, cellular conditions, and regulatory proteins.
In summary, lysine-tRNA ligase activity is an essential process in protein synthesis that involves the specific recognition and attachment of lysine to its corresponding tRNA. This activity is crucial for maintaining the accuracy of translation and ultimately ensuring the proper function of proteins. '
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Lysine--tRNA ligase | A eukaryotic-type lysine--tRNA ligase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q15046] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| imatinib | aromatic amine; benzamides; N-methylpiperazine; pyridines; pyrimidines | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor | |
| staurosporine | indolocarbazole alkaloid; organic heterooctacyclic compound | apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; geroprotector | |
| dehydroabietic acid | dehydroabietate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of dehydroabietic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. dehydroabietic acid : An abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-8,11,13-triene substituted at position 18 by a carboxy group. dehydroabietic acid: major aquatic toxicant in effluent of pulp and paper mills | abietane diterpenoid; carbotricyclic compound; monocarboxylic acid | allergen; metabolite |
| crizotinib | crizotinib : A 3-[1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethoxy]-5-[1-(piperidin-4-yl)pyrazol-4-yl]pyridin-2-amine that has R configuration at the chiral centre. The active enantiomer, it acts as a kinase inhibitor and is used for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) Crizotinib: A piperidine and aminopyridine derivative that acts as an inhibitor of RECEPTOR PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASES, including ANAPLASTIC LYMPHOMA KINASE (ALK) and HEPATOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR (HGFR; c-Met). It is used in the treatment of NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER. | 3-[1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethoxy]-5-[1-(piperidin-4-yl)pyrazol-4-yl]pyridin-2-amine | antineoplastic agent; biomarker; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor |
| cladosporin | cladosporin: antifungal metabolite from Cladosporium cladosporioides; toxic, minor metabolite of Aspersillus flavus; inhibits tRNA synthetase in Plasmodium falciparum | ||
| dehydroabietinol | dehydroabietinol: Isolated from Hyptis suaveolens; structure in first source | abietane diterpenoid; carbotricyclic compound | |
| nvp-tae684 | piperidines |