aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity
Definition
Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of the formation of aminoacyl-tRNA from ATP, amino acid, and tRNA with the release of diphosphate and AMP. [ISBN:0198506732]
Aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity is a crucial step in protein synthesis, catalyzing the attachment of the correct amino acid to its corresponding tRNA molecule. This process, known as aminoacylation, involves a two-step reaction: 1) the activation of the amino acid by ATP to form an aminoacyl-adenylate intermediate, and 2) the transfer of the activated amino acid to the 3' end of the tRNA. This specific tRNA molecule then carries the amino acid to the ribosome, where it is incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain during translation. Aminoacyl-tRNA ligases exhibit high specificity for both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA, ensuring the fidelity of protein synthesis. This specificity is achieved through intricate interactions between the enzyme, the amino acid, and the tRNA, mediated by a complex network of hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and electrostatic interactions. The precise recognition of both the amino acid and tRNA by aminoacyl-tRNA ligases is essential for maintaining the genetic code and preventing errors in protein synthesis. These enzymes play a critical role in cellular life, as their function is essential for the production of all proteins necessary for growth, development, and function.'
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Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Isoleucine--tRNA ligase | An isoleucine--tRNA ligase that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P00956] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
Compounds (1)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| mupirocin | mupirocin : An alpha,beta-unsaturated ester resulting from the formal condensation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of 9-hydroxynonanoic acid with the carboxy group of (2E)-4-[(2S)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid in which the tetrahydropyranyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by hydroxy groups and at position 5 by a {(2S,3S)-3-[(2S,3S)-3-hydroxybutan-2-yl]oxiran-2-yl}methyl group. Originally isolated from the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, it is used as a topical antibiotic for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections. Mupirocin: A topically used antibiotic from a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. It has shown excellent activity against gram-positive staphylococci and streptococci. The antibiotic is used primarily for the treatment of primary and secondary skin disorders, nasal infections, and wound healing. | alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester; epoxide; monocarboxylic acid; oxanes; secondary alcohol; triol | antibacterial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |