stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H+ + O2 + octadecanoyl-CoA = (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O. [RHEA:19721]

Stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase activity is a crucial enzymatic process involved in the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) from saturated fatty acids. The enzyme responsible for this activity, known as stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), catalyzes the insertion of a double bond between the ninth and tenth carbon atoms of the stearic acid molecule. This process occurs specifically at the C9 position of the stearoyl-CoA molecule, yielding oleoyl-CoA. This reaction requires molecular oxygen and electrons derived from NADH or NADPH. The desaturation reaction occurs at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, where SCD is anchored.

The molecular function of stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase activity plays a vital role in various biological processes, including:

* **Lipid metabolism:** By converting saturated fatty acids into MUFAs, SCD contributes to the regulation of membrane fluidity and permeability. MUFAs are important components of cell membranes, influencing their structure and function.
* **Energy storage:** SCD activity impacts the storage of fatty acids in the form of triacylglycerols (TAGs). The production of MUFAs influences the composition of TAGs, impacting energy storage efficiency.
* **Cell signaling:** MUFAs produced by SCD are precursors for various signaling molecules involved in cell growth, differentiation, and inflammatory responses.
* **Hormonal regulation:** SCD activity is influenced by hormones like insulin and leptin, further highlighting its role in metabolic regulation.

In summary, the molecular function of stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase activity is essential for the production of MUFAs, which are crucial for diverse biological processes related to membrane structure, energy storage, cell signaling, and hormonal regulation.'
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Proteins (2)

Compounds (3)