Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of the reaction: prenylated-protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = prenylated-protein tyrosine + phosphate. [EC:3.1.3.48]
Prenylated protein tyrosine phosphatase activity refers to the enzymatic activity of a protein tyrosine phosphatase that specifically removes phosphate groups from tyrosine residues within prenylated proteins. Prenylation is a post-translational modification where a 15-carbon isoprenoid lipid, either farnesyl or geranylgeranyl, is attached to the cysteine residue at the C-terminus of a protein. These prenylated proteins are often involved in signal transduction pathways, protein-protein interactions, and membrane targeting.
Prenylated protein tyrosine phosphatases play a crucial role in regulating the activity of these prenylated proteins by dephosphorylating tyrosine residues. This dephosphorylation can alter the conformation and function of the prenylated protein, modulating its interactions with other proteins and its localization within the cell.
The dephosphorylation event is typically initiated by the recognition of the prenylated protein by the phosphatase. This recognition can involve specific protein-protein interactions or the presence of certain motifs within the prenylated protein. Once bound, the phosphatase utilizes a catalytic mechanism involving a cysteine residue within its active site to remove the phosphate group from the tyrosine residue.
This enzymatic activity has significant implications for cellular signaling and function. For example, prenylated protein tyrosine phosphatases have been implicated in the regulation of Ras signaling, a crucial pathway involved in cell growth and proliferation. They can also influence the activity of other prenylated proteins involved in cytoskeletal organization, membrane trafficking, and cell adhesion.
Understanding the molecular function of prenylated protein tyrosine phosphatase activity is crucial for elucidating the complex regulatory mechanisms governing cellular processes. Further research into this area could lead to the development of new therapeutic targets for treating diseases related to dysregulated signaling pathways.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA 2 | A protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q12974] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA 3 | A protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA 3 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O75365] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| emodin | emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs. Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies. | trihydroxyanthraquinone | antineoplastic agent; laxative; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| pentamidine | pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects. | aromatic ether; carboxamidine; diether | anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; calmodulin antagonist; chemokine receptor 5 antagonist; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; NMDA receptor antagonist; S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor; trypanocidal drug; xenobiotic |
| 2-[[5-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-prop-2-enyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]thio]-1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanone | aromatic ketone | ||
| ginkgetin | ginkgetin : A biflavonoid that is the 7,4'-dimethyl ether derivative of amentoflavone. Isolated from Ginkgo biloba and Dioon, it exhibits anti-HSV-1, antineoplastic and inhibitory activities towards arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase 2. ginkgetin: from Cephalotaxus drupacea; biflavone; active against HSV-1; structure given in first source | biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone; methoxyflavone; ring assembly | anti-HSV-1 agent; antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; metabolite |
| sciadopitysin | sciadopitysin : A biflavonoid that is a 7, 4', 4'''-trimethyl ether derivative of amentoflavone. sciadopitysin: biflavonoid from Taxus celebica & Ginkgo biloba | biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone; methoxyflavone; ring assembly | bone density conservation agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor |