alpha-mannosidase activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-mannose residues in alpha-D-mannosides. [EC:3.2.1.24]

Alpha-mannosidase activity involves the hydrolysis of terminal alpha-D-mannose residues from various glycoconjugates, such as glycoproteins, glycolipids, and oligosaccharides. This enzymatic activity is crucial for various cellular processes, including:

- **Glycoprotein processing:** Alpha-mannosidases are essential for the proper processing of N-linked glycans, which are carbohydrate structures attached to asparagine residues in proteins. These enzymes remove mannose residues from the glycan chain during the maturation process, leading to the formation of diverse glycan structures. This process is crucial for the correct folding, stability, and function of many glycoproteins.

- **Lysosomal degradation:** Lysosomes are cellular organelles responsible for the breakdown of various macromolecules, including glycoproteins. Alpha-mannosidases are present in lysosomes, where they contribute to the degradation of glycoproteins by removing mannose residues from their glycan chains. This process is essential for recycling cellular components and preventing the accumulation of unwanted molecules.

- **Immune response:** Alpha-mannosidases are involved in the regulation of the immune response by modulating the activity of immune cells. For instance, certain alpha-mannosidases can affect the recognition of antigens by immune cells, influencing the activation of immune responses.

- **Development and differentiation:** Alpha-mannosidases are crucial for developmental processes by regulating the activity of growth factors and other signaling molecules. They are also involved in cell differentiation, contributing to the formation of specialized cell types during development.

- **Pathological processes:** Altered alpha-mannosidase activity can lead to various pathological conditions, such as lysosomal storage disorders, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. For example, deficiencies in specific alpha-mannosidases can lead to the accumulation of undigested glycoproteins in lysosomes, causing severe health problems.

Overall, alpha-mannosidase activity plays a critical role in a wide range of cellular processes, highlighting its importance for maintaining cellular homeostasis and organismal function.'
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Proteins (4)

Compounds (4)