Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of the reaction: L-ascorbate + dopamine + O2 = (R)-noradrenaline + dehydroascorbate + H2O. [EC:1.14.17.1, RHEA:19117]
Dopamine beta-monooxygenase (DBH) is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine, a critical step in the biosynthesis of catecholamines. This reaction involves the addition of a hydroxyl group to the beta carbon of dopamine, using molecular oxygen as the oxidant and ascorbate as a reducing cofactor. The enzyme utilizes a copper ion as a cofactor and is found primarily in the adrenal medulla and sympathetic neurons. DBH is a transmembrane protein, with its active site located on the lumenal side of the vesicle membrane where catecholamine biosynthesis occurs. The enzyme has a complex mechanism, involving the following steps: 1) Binding of dopamine and oxygen to the active site. 2) Oxidation of the copper ion by oxygen, forming a copper-oxygen intermediate. 3) Transfer of an electron from ascorbate to the copper-oxygen intermediate. 4) Hydroxylation of dopamine by the activated oxygen species, generating norepinephrine. 5) Release of norepinephrine from the active site. The activity of DBH is tightly regulated and plays a crucial role in the control of neurotransmitter levels, influencing a wide range of physiological functions, including mood, attention, and stress response. Mutations in the DBH gene can lead to various disorders, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety.'
"
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Dopamine beta-hydroxylase | A dopamine beta-hydroxylase that is encoded in the genome of cow. [OMA:P15101, PRO:DNx] | Bos taurus (cattle) |
| Dopamine beta-hydroxylase | A dopamine beta-hydroxylase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P09172] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| fusaric acid | Fusaric Acid: A picolinic acid derivative isolated from various Fusarium species. It has been proposed for a variety of therapeutic applications but is primarily used as a research tool. Its mechanisms of action are poorly understood. It probably inhibits DOPAMINE BETA-HYDROXYLASE, the enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinephrine. It may also have other actions, including the inhibition of cell proliferation and DNA synthesis. | aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines | |
| hypericin | |||
| tyramine | monoamine molecular messenger; primary amino compound; tyramines | EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter | |
| tropolone | tropolone : A cyclic ketone that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is a toxin produced by the agricultural pathogen Burkholderia plantarii. Tropolone: A seven-membered aromatic ring compound. It is structurally related to a number of naturally occurring antifungal compounds (ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS). | alpha-hydroxy ketone; cyclic ketone; enol | bacterial metabolite; fungicide; toxin |
| 3-phenylpropylamine | 3-phenylpropylamine : A phenylalkylamine that is benzene in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a 3-aminopropyl group. | benzenes; phenylalkylamine; primary amino compound | |
| u 0521 | U 0521: catechol methyltransferase antagonist; structure | acetophenones | |
| 7-hydroxytropolone | 7-hydroxytropolone: structure | ||
| 4-vinylphenol | 4-hydroxystyrene : A member of the class of phenols that is styrene carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 4. 4-vinylphenol: RN given refers to cpd with locants as specified | phenols | human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite |
| 3,7-dihydroxytropolone | 3,7-dihydroxytropolone : A cyclic ketone that is tropolone in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 7 are substituted by hydroxy groups. It is isolated from the soil bacterium Streptomyces tropolofaciens strain K611-97. 3,7-dihydroxytropolone: from Streptomyces tropolofaciens; active against B16 melanoma; structure given in first source | alpha-hydroxy ketone; cyclic ketone; enol; triol | antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite |
| methimazole | methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen. Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme. | 1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones | antithyroid drug |
| 1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)imidazole-2-thiol | 1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)imidazole-2-thiol: RN & structure given in first source; RN not in Chemline 3/87 | ||
| sk&f 102698 |