alcohol sulfotransferase activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + an alcohol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + an alkyl sulfate. [EC:2.8.2.2]

Alcohol sulfotransferase activity is a crucial enzyme-catalyzed process involved in the detoxification and metabolism of alcohols. It catalyzes the transfer of a sulfonate group from a donor molecule, such as 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS), to a hydroxyl group of an alcohol molecule. This process results in the formation of an alcohol sulfate, a more water-soluble and readily excretable product.

Alcohol sulfotransferases play significant roles in various physiological processes, including:

* **Detoxification:** They remove potentially harmful alcohols from the body by converting them to inactive forms, reducing their toxic effects.
* **Hormone regulation:** They contribute to the inactivation and metabolism of steroid hormones and other signaling molecules, helping to maintain hormonal balance.
* **Drug metabolism:** They play a role in the metabolism of certain drugs, affecting their efficacy and duration of action.

The molecular mechanism of alcohol sulfotransferase activity involves the following steps:

1. **Binding of substrate:** The enzyme binds both the alcohol substrate and the sulfonate donor molecule, PAPS.
2. **Nucleophilic attack:** The hydroxyl group of the alcohol attacks the sulfur atom of PAPS, initiating the transfer of the sulfonate group.
3. **Formation of alcohol sulfate:** The sulfonate group is transferred to the alcohol, forming an alcohol sulfate and releasing adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate (PAP).

Alcohol sulfotransferases are essential enzymes involved in various biological processes, contributing to detoxification, hormone regulation, and drug metabolism. Their ability to convert alcohols to more readily excretable forms plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and protecting the body from harmful effects. '
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (3)