Target type: cellularcomponent
A histone acetyltransferase complex that catalyzes the acetylation of a histone H4 lysine residue at position 16. In human, it contains the catalytic subunit MOF, and MSL1, MSL2 and MSL3. [PMID:16227571, PMID:20018852]
The MSL complex is a protein complex found in Drosophila melanogaster that is responsible for dosage compensation, a process that equalizes gene expression between the single X chromosome in males and the two X chromosomes in females. The complex is composed of five core proteins: MSL1, MSL2, MSL3, MSL-associated factor 1 (MSL1), and male-specific lethal (MSL) protein.
The MSL complex primarily localizes to the X chromosome and plays a vital role in its transcription. The complex acts as a histone acetyltransferase (HAT), specifically acetylating histone H4 at lysine 16 (H4K16ac). This acetylation recruits other factors that promote transcription, ultimately increasing gene expression on the male X chromosome.
The MSL complex is comprised of multiple components that contribute to its function:
* **MSL1:** A scaffold protein that interacts with other complex members and facilitates the recruitment of the complex to the X chromosome.
* **MSL2:** A large protein containing a bromodomain, which binds to acetylated histones, and a chromodomain, which interacts with MSL3.
* **MSL3:** A protein that interacts with both MSL1 and MSL2, stabilizing the complex and facilitating its association with the X chromosome.
* **MSL1:** A protein that acts as a bridge between the MSL complex and the chromatin, linking it to the X chromosome.
* **MSL:** A protein with a catalytic HAT domain that acetylates histone H4K16, a crucial step in dosage compensation.
The MSL complex is assembled in a step-wise manner, with MSL1 and MSL2 associating first, followed by the recruitment of MSL3 and MSL1. The complex is then targeted to the X chromosome via its interaction with roX RNAs, long non-coding RNAs that are specifically transcribed from the X chromosome.
The MSL complex is a highly dynamic entity, continuously assembling and disassembling as it moves along the X chromosome, ensuring precise dosage compensation. Its intricate structure and regulation highlight the complexity of gene expression control and the importance of chromatin modifications in shaping cellular function.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Histone acetyltransferase KAT8 | A histone acetyltransferase KAT8 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9H7Z6] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4-aminophenol | 4-aminophenol : An amino phenol (one of the three possible isomers) which has the single amino substituent located para to the phenolic -OH group. 4-aminophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd | aminophenol | allergen; metabolite |
| 1-nitronaphthalene | 1-nitronaphthalene : A mononitronaphthalene substituted by a nitro group at position 1. 1-nitronaphthalene: RN given refers to cpd with locant for nitro moiety in 1 position mononitronaphthalene : A nitronaphthalene carrying a single nitro group at unspecified position. nitronaphthalene : A nitroarene that is naphthalene substituted by at least one nitro group. | mononitronaphthalene | environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite |
| phenylhydrazine | phenylhydrazines | xenobiotic | |
| 4-chloroaniline | 4-chloroaniline : A chloroaniline in which the chloro atom is para to the aniline amino group. 4-chloroaniline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | chloroaniline; monochlorobenzenes | |
| 1-naphthylamine | 1-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at position 1. 1-Naphthylamine: A suspected industrial carcinogen (and listed as such by OSHA). Its N-hydroxy metabolite is strongly carcinogenic and mutagenic. naphthylamine : A primary arylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at unspecified position. | naphthylamine | human xenobiotic metabolite |
| 4-fluoroaniline | 4-fluoroaniline : A primary arylamine that is the derivative of aniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been substituted by fluorine. It is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, herbicides and plant growth regulators. 4-fluoroaniline: chemical intermediate manufactured by the Halex process; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source | fluoroaniline; primary arylamine | |
| phenylhydrazine hydrochloride | phenylhydrazine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of phenylhydrazine and hydrogen chloride. | hydrochloride | |
| 4-fluorobenzylamine | |||
| 4-hydroxyquinoline | 4-quinolone : A quinolone that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 4. | monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone | |
| anacardic acid | anacardic acid : A hydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by a pentadecyl group at position 6. It is a major component of cashew nut shell liquid and exhibits an extensive range of bioactivities. anacardic acid: isolated from Anacardium occidentale; monophenol monooxygenase inhibitor | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybenzoic acid | anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| 2-hydroxy-6-[(8Z,11Z)-pentadeca-8,11,14-trien-1-yl]benzoic acid | hydroxybenzoic acid |