kinocilium

Definition

Target type: cellularcomponent

A nonmotile primary cilium that is found at the apical surface of auditory receptor cells. The kinocilium is surrounded by actin-based stereocilia. [GOC:cilia, GOC:dph, PMID:15882574]

Kinocilia are hair-like structures found on the surface of sensory cells, such as hair cells in the inner ear and photoreceptor cells in the eye. These structures play a crucial role in sensing mechanical stimuli, such as sound waves or light, and transducing them into electrical signals. The cellular component of a kinocilium is highly specialized and consists of several key elements:

* **Axoneme:** This is the core of the kinocilium and is composed of microtubules arranged in a characteristic 9+2 pattern. This arrangement of microtubules is essential for the structural integrity and motility of the kinocilium. The microtubules are interconnected by various proteins, including dynein, which is responsible for generating the sliding movements between microtubules, leading to cilia bending.

* **Plasma membrane:** The kinocilium is enclosed by a plasma membrane, which is continuous with the cell membrane of the sensory cell. The membrane contains ion channels that are crucial for sensory transduction. These channels open and close in response to mechanical stimuli, allowing ions to flow across the membrane, creating electrical signals.

* **Linking proteins:** These proteins connect the microtubules of the axoneme to the plasma membrane and to each other. They play a crucial role in maintaining the structure and stability of the kinocilium, as well as in regulating its movement.

* **Sensory proteins:** These proteins are located within the plasma membrane and are responsible for detecting mechanical stimuli. These proteins can be mechanosensitive ion channels or other proteins that interact with other proteins involved in signaling pathways.

* **Ciliary basal body:** This structure serves as the anchoring point for the kinocilium and is located at the base of the structure. It is derived from a centriole and plays a role in the assembly and maintenance of the kinocilium.

* **Accessory structures:** In some cases, the kinocilium can be associated with other structures, such as stereocilia or supporting cells. These structures contribute to the overall function of the sensory cell and can influence the response of the kinocilium to mechanical stimuli.

The intricate cellular component of the kinocilium allows for the efficient and sensitive detection of mechanical stimuli, which is essential for hearing, balance, and vision. This intricate structure is a testament to the complexity and elegance of biological systems.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (2)