Toll-like receptor 1-Toll-like receptor 2 protein complex

Definition

Target type: cellularcomponent

A heterodimeric protein complex containing Toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1) and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). [GOC:add, GOC:signaling, PMID:17889651, PMID:21481769]

The Toll-like receptor 1-Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR1-TLR2) protein complex is a transmembrane receptor complex that resides in the plasma membrane of immune cells. It is a heterodimer, meaning it is composed of two distinct subunits: TLR1 and TLR2. The TLR1-TLR2 complex plays a critical role in the innate immune system, specifically in recognizing and responding to bacterial lipoproteins, which are abundant on the surface of gram-positive bacteria.

The cellular component of the TLR1-TLR2 complex encompasses several key elements:

* **Plasma membrane:** This is the primary location of the TLR1-TLR2 complex. It is embedded within the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane, allowing the receptor to interact with extracellular stimuli.
* **Extracellular domain:** This region of the complex extends outside the cell and contains the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains of TLR1 and TLR2. These LRR domains are responsible for recognizing specific molecular patterns, known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as bacterial lipoproteins.
* **Transmembrane domain:** This region anchors the TLR1-TLR2 complex to the plasma membrane. It consists of a hydrophobic alpha-helix that spans the membrane bilayer.
* **Cytoplasmic domain:** This region extends into the cell's cytoplasm and contains the Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain of each receptor subunit. The TIR domains are essential for signal transduction, triggering downstream signaling pathways upon recognition of PAMPs.

When the TLR1-TLR2 complex encounters its cognate ligand, such as bacterial lipoproteins, a conformational change occurs, bringing the TIR domains of both receptors into close proximity. This interaction initiates a signaling cascade that ultimately leads to the activation of transcription factors, such as NF-κB, which control the expression of genes involved in immune responses.

In summary, the cellular component of the TLR1-TLR2 protein complex is a complex structure composed of distinct domains that mediate its function in recognizing bacterial lipoproteins, initiating signaling cascades, and orchestrating immune responses.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (2)