host cell membrane

Definition

Target type: cellularcomponent

Double layer of lipid molecules as it encloses host cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:pamgo_curators]

The host cell membrane is a complex and dynamic structure that acts as a barrier between the cell's interior and its external environment. It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer, a fluid mosaic of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. The phospholipid bilayer is the foundation of the membrane, with hydrophilic heads facing the aqueous environments on either side and hydrophobic tails forming the interior of the membrane. This structure allows for selective permeability, controlling the movement of molecules in and out of the cell.

Embedded within the phospholipid bilayer are various proteins that serve diverse functions. Integral membrane proteins span the entire membrane and are involved in transport, signal transduction, cell adhesion, and other critical processes. Peripheral membrane proteins associate with the membrane surface, often interacting with integral proteins or the lipid bilayer itself. These proteins contribute to the membrane's structural integrity and participate in a wide range of cellular activities.

Carbohydrates are also found on the membrane surface, typically attached to lipids (forming glycolipids) or proteins (forming glycoproteins). These carbohydrate modifications play crucial roles in cell recognition, adhesion, and signaling.

The host cell membrane is not a static entity but rather a dynamic structure that constantly adapts to changing environmental conditions. It is highly regulated and undergoes continuous remodeling, including the movement of lipids and proteins within the membrane, as well as the addition and removal of membrane components. This dynamism allows the cell to respond to external stimuli, maintain homeostasis, and carry out its essential functions.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (2)